Buster Keatons The Cameraman :: essays research papers

The Cameraman (Rough Draft)The Cameraman (1928), an MGM Buster Keaton hold, is one of the last truly great feature pick outs of the silent era. From the artistic balance it finds between the simplicity of an all-too-familiar storyline and the complexity of technique and cinematography, to the very-entertaining and captivating performances of its actors, the film that was nearly lost to the annals of motion-picture history is a multi-faceted gem that is joyous to watch.Simplicity is one of the big keys to the success of The Cameraman. The simple eyepatch is of the age-old yet noble type (hero-sees-girl, is-knocked-off-feet, goes-to-great-lengths-to-be-noticed, becharmting-in-much-trouble-en-route). It has Buster trying to get a break as a cameraman into the newsreel department of a famous studio (MGM, and win the affections of the office receptionist, Sally, played by a sightly Marceline Day. His endeavors land him in all sorts of uproarious situations, including several hilario us altercations with the romantic rival, a snooty made newsman played by Harry Goodwin. The thematic elements stay simple as well. Pungent with cynicism, irony rears its humorous head on more than one occasion. These bits of the film are delivered with perfect timing, laced with a little seriousness. One such instance is near the latter end of movie when Buster, in a daring stunt, saves Sally from swiming. He leaves her unconscious on the shore momentarily while he rushes into a pharmacy mere yards away to get something to help her. During those few moments, she awakens, and Busters rival, who had abandoned her to drown in order to save his own skin, happens upon her vertical as she opens her eyes. She thinks he has saved her from certain peril and Buster emerges from the drug store with bandages and the like just in time to see them stroll off into the sunset, arm in arm. Another such moment comes when Buster has gone through hell and spunky water to obtain footage of a gang war going on in the city streets, only to find that he had never loaded film into his camera. Uncomplicated twists such as these lend to the easy, fun watching that The Cameraman is. There is no profoundly deep symbolism to be found, and the lack of all attempt at thought-provoking societal depictions really lend to a successful package. This is supposed to be comedy, and a marvelous one it is. Though simple, the plot of The Cameraman is perfectly constructed.

Why Students Dont Have Time :: Education Educating Time management Essays

Why Students Dont Have TimeWhen I was a school-age child, my instructor once said to me that a large quantity of time is only good when you can use it wisely. The tactics of the teaching profession that I, a modern educator, am about to describe, result in the genuinely opposite. I. In the first place, ladies and gentlemen, the amount of time a student has outside of school, like Romeos love for Juliet, is precious for every minute. A students time is like a persons income before taxes. Free time would be the amount remaining after all homework (taxes) was done. Focus, therefore, on the small amounts of free time a student actually has than large expanses that he appears to have from 2 PM to 8 AM. II. Whatever amount of work has been done in class, a teacher is to break down the students the same amount of homework each day, between one and two hours a night. Even if the entire years curriculum is covered in the first collar class days, a teacher is to find homework to give the students each day following, regardless of whether it has anything to do with the subject matter of the class. III. A teacher is not to make any exceptions for his tardy work policy no matter what the excuse. The punishment for someone who had a big game or whose house was burnt-out down or whose house was buried under ten feet of snow shall be the same as someone who has no reasonable excuse. A teacher shall not even hear trite excuses such as my dog ate my homework even if the student in question has a 12-week-old bleak Labrador retriever that has a serious biting and chewing problem and chews everything from socks to shoes to, unfortunately, homework. IV. A teacher is to give numerous out-of-class yet short-term projects to his students. They will then come back that they have spent all the time needed for one class but then have to work for some other hour on another class project. These projects should be the type by which procrastination is not an option ones that the teac her give five weeks in advance but are due(p) a day after they are able to begin. For example, a reading assignment out of a book specially ordered by the trail District due five weeks in advance but due the day after the books arrived.

The Attack on Pearl Harbor Essay -- American History WWII World War

The Attack on Pearl HarborThe fall in States is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the East, the peace-loving Ocean to the West and is bordered by two friendly nations, Canada to the north and Mexico to the s kayoedh. Attacks on United States soil have therefore been rare. The surprise fervor by the Japanese in 1941 on the United States at Pearl Harbor resulted in a great loss of life and changed the course of history.Prior to the fervency on Pearl Harbor, the United States was an isolationist country and coming out of the Great Depression. There was a struggle raging in Europe in 1939 that involved many United States allies. Hitlers German troops were attacking France, Poland, Great Britain and other European countries. Despite the attacks on these United States allies, citizens in the United States wanted to remain neutral. Meanwhile, in the Pacific, Japan had invaded China and Indochina and was making preparations for broader war. As late as December 1941, Americans tho ught that the United States Government should stay out of World War II and not interfere with European and Asian affairs (Gailey 29). On the morning of December 7, 1941 Japan launched a surprise attack against the United States and its Pacific Fleet based in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii--A day which will live in infamy. The United States immediately entered the war and changed the course of the 20th century.Pearl Harbor is a land-locked harbor on the Southern coast of the Oahu Island in Hawaii. It is West of Honolulu. Pearl Harbor is one of the largest and take up natural harbors in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Close by are many United States military installations. They include the Chief US Pacific maritime Base, Hickam Airforce Base, Pearl Harbor Naval Air Station ... ...ry for Americans during World War II (Pearl Harbor, 1986). It made Americans even more determined to go assassinate the enemy. Works CitedBahrenburg, Bruce. The Pacific Then and Now. sweet York G.P. Putnams So ns, 1971.A Brief Overview of the Attack. Pearl Harbor Remembered. 7 July 2001. 15 October 2001 .Gailey, Harry A. The War in the Pacific. Novato Presidio Press, 1995.Layton, Edwin T., Roger Pineau, and whoremaster Costello. And I Was There. New York William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1985.Pearl Harbor. Encyclopedia.com. 2001. 15 October 2001 .Pearl Harbor. The Golden Book Encyclopedia. 1986 ed.Renzi, William A., and Mark D. Roehrs. Never Look Back. Armonk M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1991.Weintraub, Stanley. Long Days Journey into War. New York Penguin Group, 1991.World War II. Encarta.com. 2001. 15 October 2001 .

Jen Lopez :: essays research papers

Jennifer Lopez was born in the Bronx, New York on July 24, 1970. She was born in the United States to Puerto Rican Parents, Jennifer considers herself to be a Puerto Rican and she is rattling proud of her Hispanic herit time and culture. Her father is David Lopez, a computer specialist, and her mother Guadalupe Lopez, a Kindergarten teacher. Her parents recognized Jennifers talent and enthusiasm for performing and at the age of five the enrolled her in dance classes. Her mother said Jennifer always loved to sing, but she was also a great actress and knew that she would have a bright next ahead of her. With the support of her parents Jennifer grew up to be a very sensible girl, who is still very close to her family. When Jennifer earned her million-dollar paycheck for playing the role in the movie Selena, she bought her mom a Cadillac. Even though they saw Jennifers talent at the age of five, their relationship was not always understandable. Jennifer made a major decision and that was not to go to College. That decision was very disappointing to her parents who wanted her to go to law school. Her parents supported her pursuit of a career in show business, they did not wanted to be in the expense of her education. When Jennifer told her parents that she was not going to College and law school, they thought it was really stupid to go off and chastise to be a movie star. Her parents who at that time could not understand the choices she made are very happy for their daughter and what she has accomplish. When she left her home at the middle of a fight and never went back. She said, I had to make my own way and then lived in a Manhattan dance studio where she was training. Then she got an apartment with some friends in Manhattan Hells Kitchen. Since the time she move out of her home she started her showbiz career as a dancer in stage musicals and closely notably in her tour to Golden musicals of Broadway and in a Japanese tour. Then she audition to be a fly girl in pull someones legs hit comedy In living Colors, she beat out 2,000 other contenders in a nation wide competition. Then she cracked into Hollywood and she wanted to make a transition to acting, but she followed Color producer Keenan Ivory Wayans advice to stay with the show for a while before making every attempt to move on.

Polar Concepts :: essays research papers

<a href="http//www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknins Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web SitesThe British philosopher Ryle attacked the sceptical point of view regarding right and wrong (=being in error). He give tongue to that if the concept of error is made use of surely, there must be times that we are right. To him, it was impossible to conceive of the one without the other. He regarded right and wrong as polar concepts. One could not be understood without dread the other. As it were, Ryle barked up the wrong sceptic tree. All the sceptics said was that one cannot know (or prove) that one is in the right or when one is in the right. They, largely, did not dispute the very existence of right and erroneous decisions, acts and facts. plainly this disputation ignored a more basic question. Can we really not understand or know the right without as intimately understanding and knowing the wrong? To know a good object must we contrast it with an evil one? Is the action of contrasting essential to our understanding and, if it is, how? speculate a mutant newborn. While in possession of a mastery of all lingual faculties the baby will have no experience whatever and will have received no ethical or moral guidelines from his adult environment. If such a newborn were to be offered food, a smile, a snuggling hand, attention would he not have identified them as good, even if these constituted his whole universe of experience? Moreover, if he were to witness war, death, personnel and abuse would he have not recoiled and judged them to be bad? Many would hurl at me the biblical adage about the intrinsic evilness of humans. notwithstanding this is beside the point. Whether this infants world of values and value judgement will conform to societys is an irrelevant question to us. We ask would such an infant consistently think of certain acts and objects as good (desired, beneficial) even if he were never to come across anothe r set of acts and objects which he could contrast with the graduation exercise and call bad or evil. I think so. Imagine that the infant is confined to the basic functions eating and playing. Is there any possibility that he would judge them to be bad? Never. Not even if he were never to do anything else but eat and play.

Polar Concepts :: essays research papers

<a href="http//www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknins Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web SitesThe British philosopher Ryle attacked the sceptical point of collect regarding right and wrong (=being in error). He said that if the concept of error is made use of surely, there must be times that we be right. To him, it was impossible to conceive of the one without the other. He regarded right and wrong as polar concepts. One could not be understood without understanding the other. As it were, Ryle barked up the wrong sceptic tree. All the sceptics said was that one cannot have it off (or prove) that one is in the right or when one is in the right. They, largely, did not dispute the genuinely existence of right and erroneous decisions, acts and facts. But this disputation ignored a more basic question. Can we really not understand or know the right without as intimately understanding and knowing the wrong? To know a good object must we contrast i t with an evil one? Is the fulfill of contrasting essential to our understanding and, if it is, how? Imagine a mutant newborn baby. While in possession of a mastery of all lingual faculties the infant result have no experience whatsoever and will have received no ethical or moral guidelines from his adult environment. If such a newborn were to be offered food, a smile, a caressing hand, attention would he not have identified them as good, even if these constituted his whole human beings of experience? Moreover, if he were to witness war, death, violence and abuse would he have not recoiled and judged them to be bad? Many would hurl at me the biblical precept about the intrinsic evilness of humans. But this is beside the point. Whether this infants world of values and value judgement will conform to societys is an contrasted question to us. We ask would such an infant consistently think of certain acts and objects as good (desired, beneficial) even if he were never to come across another(prenominal) set of acts and objects which he could contrast with the first and call bad or evil. I think so. Imagine that the infant is confined to the basic functions feeding and playing. Is there any possibility that he would judge them to be bad? Never. Not even if he were never to do anything else but eat and play.

Promoting good governance makes vigilance awareness Essay

sharp-sightedness acts preparedness to be watchful always and gumption the happening around oneself. People always have wrong approach towards heed as they perceive vigilance as enquiry, fixing responsibility and so on forethought is not investigation but it is prevention. To punish and not to prevent is like pumping the water through a pump without arresting the leakages which result in wastage of water, energy and time. Why do fundamental laws need vigilance-An organization protects itself from external dangers through creating security and posting manpower to guard against such threats. The role of vigilance is to protect organization from internal dangers which are more serious than external threats. Responsibility of Employees in Vigilance MattersVigilance officeholder should be own officerAll men are vigilance mountain-raising awareness level. Vigilance very essential All officers should work for the same target/goal.Vigilance is not moderate to a particular individua l or set up. All public servants should be honest. They also have a responsibility towards the nation to help the organization to discharge vigilance functions effectively by bringing to the notice of organization about the activities of dishonest employees.Need for Preventive VigilancePreventive vigilance plays an master(prenominal) role in strengthening the vigilance set up of any organization. There has been a wide spread realization that punitive vigilance unsocial privynot be the foundation of an efficient vigilancemachinery. In punitive vigilance, the vigilance wing reacts to kvetchts or information of specific instances of mala fide action, verifies such information and then reaping against the erring officials.VIGILANCE AND E-GOVERNANCEVigilance means watchfullness or to bring awareness. Vigilance came into existence mainly for the purpose of fighting corruption. degeneracy involves misuse of power , bills , governing property etc. Though corruption cant be brought do wn to zero level, we can try to bring it as low as possible. This can be ensured by watchfulness, caution and vigilance. Or in other words it can be achieved by E-Governance.Corruption is anti national, anti ridiculous and anti economic development. According to the UNDP Report on Human Development 1999 on South Asia, if the corruption level in India goes down to that of Scandinavian Countries, the gross domestic product forget grow by 1.5% and Foreign Direct Investment will go up by 12%. Corruption is anti poor because tight 30% of the food grains and sugar meant for the public distribution system disappear in the black market. Corruption liter each(prenominal)y takes out the food from the mouths of the poor people for whom food security by way of the public distribution systems is devised by the government. Corruption is anti national as revealed by the Bombay blasts of 1993 when the customs officials who were bribed permitted the smuggling of the RDX which resulted in the dea th of 300 people. M/s Transparency International, a Berlin based non-government organisation has ranked India 73 out of 99 countries in the Corruption perception Index. This refers to the perception of the degree of corruption as seen by business people, risk analysts and the general public. It ranges from 10 (highly clean) to zero (highly corrupt). Denmark appears at the top of the list with a account statement of 10 and India figures at 73 with a score of 2.9.Fighting corruption is too important an activity to be left only to the Central Vigilance Commission. The Commission therefore proposes to launch a systematic campaign against corruption by involving all members of the civil society in fighting this social evil. The introductory step in this campaign is to educate the people about the dangers of corruption and sensitize them aboutthe evil consequences of corruption.Participative VigilanceDefinitionParticipative Vigilance refers to participation of everyone in curbing the c orruption. At organization level it refers to participation of all internal and external stakeholders in curbing the corruption. NecessityIn recent times galore(postnominal) scams such as 2G, COLGATE, Procurement of Tatra Trucks and allocation of defence spectrum by ISRO has rocked the country. The spread and magnitude of the amount involved indicates that the corruption is deeply rooted in our country.far-flung corruption cannot be rooted out just by 300 people sitting in the CVC but each and every citizen of the country mustiness contribute towards building a TEAM India where T stands for technology and transparency,E for efficiency and empowerment,A for audit trail and accountability andM for metrics measure and mutual cooperation,After the move by the Civil Society led by Anna Hazare the awakened citizens might ask from themselves what is it that I can do to train corruption in my country instead of merely expecting that aroundbody else can do something to check corruption . CVC ApproachFirst time on 31 October -2011 Participative Vigilance was the theme of Vigilance Awareness Week circulated by CVC. The practice of observing the Vigilance Awareness Week was initiated by the CVC in 2000. 31st October was chosen as the commencement date for the Vigilance Awareness Week, because that was the birthday of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, who represented the best tradition of integrity in Indian politics. CVC has recently-launched Vig-Eye, a user-friendly platform for citizens to complain against corrupt officials by an SMS, was aimed at participative vigilance and would be able to reach 50 million people in the country. Tools in the hands of citizen to curb CorruptionAt the individual level, there are adequate resources available for any concerned citizen to play a role in checking corruption. 1. Right to Information crook 2005.2. Lokpal billE-Governance is the use of various modern information and communication technologies such as internet, local area net ful l treatment, mobile phones,etc., by the government to promote democracy and minimize the corruption level. Simply e-governance is electronic management and electronic controllership. Therefore vigilance and e-governance are required for ensuring corruptionless functioning of any private, public or government organisation.In order to achieve this purpose, govenment has implemented various online services under national e-governance plan like property registration, railway engagement, pensions, passport, visa , company affairs, sphere records, e-courts, etc.Here we will discuss some of the examples and we will see how they are proven to be effective, not only for fighting against corruption but also for astir(p) the efficiency, effectiveness and comfortness of public.Following are the examples of online service under National E-Governance Plan Income Tax A. Central ExciseB. Passport/VISAC. Road TransportD. spot RegistrationE. PensionsF. Gram Panchayats (Rural)G. AgricultureH. Muni cipalitiesI. Employment ExchangeJ. Land demeansK. Company AffairsL. PoliceM. Railway ReservationN. E-CourtsHere we will discuss some examples and we will see how they are proven effective tools of vigilance for not only fighting against corruption but also improving effectiveness, efficiency and comfortness of public.Online pitch shot of Land Titles in Karnataka, IndiaPreviously(i.e. Before the computerization of The Department of revenue enhancement in Karnataka), farmers had to seek out the colony Accountant to get a copy of the Record of Rights, Tenancy and Crops (RTC) a document needed for many tasks such as obtaining bank loans. There were delays and harassment. Bribes had to be paid.Land owners find it difficult to access the Village Accountant, as his duties entail traveling. The time taken by Village Accountants to provide RTCs has ranged from 3 to 30 days depending upon the importance of the record for the farmer and the size of the bribe. A typical bribe for a certifi cate could range from Rs.100 to Rs.2000. If some details were to be written in an ambiguous fashion, out of selfish motives, the bribe could go up to Rs.10,000. Land records in the custody of Village Accountant were not open for public scrutiny.But Now (i.e. after the computerization of The Department of Revenue in Karnataka) for a fee of Rs.15, a printed copy of the RTC can be obtained online at computerized land record kiosks (Bhoomi centers) in 140 taluk offices. Without delaying and any bribe.The Bhoomi software incorporates the bio-logon metrics system, which authenticates all users of the software using their fingerprint. A log is maintained of all transactions in a session. This makes an officer accountable for his decisions and actions. The government also has plans to web-enable the database to make available to the farmer a copy of the land record locally through an Internet kiosk although without signature such a copy will only have an informative value.This scheme also useful for preventing lands-scam Due to availability of all the data related to land is at a prevalent server.Computerized Interstate Check Posts in GujaratGujarat has an extensive road network, which carries a large volume of commercial traffic. Major highway systems bear on Dehli to Mumbai and provide the principal link to the Kandla sea port on Gujarats west coast. Gujarats 10 check posts are positioned at the border with three neighboring Indian states. to the highest degree 25,000 transport vehicles enter daily through these check posts. Trucking companies want to maximize their earnings from each vehicle. Often this has prompted transporters to load their trucks beyond permissible axle load, creating a serious safety hazard. Previously (i.e. before the computerization), a suspect vehicle is flagged to a stop, and then weighed on a weigh bridge located away from traffic. The legal penalty for overload is Rs 2,000 per ton. However, any fine often has been (illegally) negotiat edThe problem of corruption was particularly difficult to attack as the corrupt were backed by politicians. In the absence of any systematic inspection of vehicles, the transport companies also adopted various illegal practices. Duplicate copies of a single registration nurse from the Regional Transport Office (RTO) have been used for many different vehicles, using fake license plates.In the computerized process, all the check posts are monitored at a central location using video cameras installed at every check post cabin. The video camera captures the registration moment of all trucks plan of attack the check post. (There are flood-lights and traffic lights which make the check posts appear like a runway at night.) Software converts the video image of the registration number to a digital form and the details of the truck are accessed from a central data base. An electronic weigh bridge captures the weight and the computer issues a demand note for fine, automatically.Through th e use of computers and other electronic devices at 10 remote interstate border check posts in Gujarat, India, a team of savvy public officials have reduced corruption and significantly increased the states tax revenue.Online Indian Railway Train Status and reservation SystemBefore the computerization system it was very difficult to know the availability of seat and getting reservation without softening additional money. Passenger has to pay additional money inside the train also.But after computerization availability of seat are known to all also passenger can himself book ticket online, it reduces the money handling (dealing) in other words we can say its reducing the corruption. Also auto up gradation of passenger tickets increases the revenue to Indian railways and decreases the additional income (bribe) to TTC.Work Progress Monitoring SystemThis software is intensively used in all type of industry to monitor the work progress of company/ section/ individual. This is not direct ly relate with money corruption but it is dealing with monitoring corruption which include delaying of projects/works which leads to increase hidden cost of company also leads to inefficient work.ConclusionNow we can say vigilance and e governance are complemental to each other. To prevent or minimize the corruption we have to have transparent system which can be achieve by deploying E-governance in all sector and everywhere. But the biggest challenge of deploying e-governance is not technology but change management. Change management is important not only in terms of ethnic change but also in terms of changing operations and processes workflow that the automated environment will introduce. E-governance, however, is not really the use of IT in governance but as a tool to ensure good governance. E-governance does not mean proliferation of computers and accessories it is basically a political decision which calls for discipline, attitudinal change in officers and employees, and mass ive government process re-engineering

Lacan, Foucault, Sedgwick, Binary Essay

The world consists of a collection of dual concepts. Things either are or they are not, especially at the level of conception. One is either alive or dead there are no in- betwixts with this notion. In the es speculate, The Mirror represent as Formative of the Function of the I as revealed in Psychoanalytical Experience, Jacques Lacan describes a certain double star that takes mooring, and interacts, within a infant as briefly as they learn to recognize their own image. Lacans recognition of this initial dualism that takes place in an infant, leads to the recognition of several other dualisms.Michel Foucault speaks of a binary when public speaking of sex and innerity in chapter one of The History of Sexuality, Volume 1, an Introduction. In the second Axiom from Epistemology of the Closet, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick discusses the heterosexual and homosexual dichotomy. Lacan believes that after eighteen months, a child discovers its libidinal dynamism (1286). Libidinal means psychic and emotional energy associated with instinctual biological drives. Dynamism means active and interactive movement. Through carry through and interaction with its psychic and emotional energy, instinctual biological drives in a childs mind.It is through this dual and cooperative interaction between the physical and metaphysical, in the mirror, that a child begins to form identification with itself and its reflection. Via this reflection, the child go away see its body as Gesalt, a collection of dismantles of the whole (Lacan 1286). The child views the burden of its biological, physical, and psychological bodies as an entire unit being made up of several different parts, and at the same time just a amusing object. The child recognizes and views its reflection in relation to its surroundings, i. e. urniture, itself, its mother, yet this realization that unites the childs parts to form a singular I. This mental permanence, meaning the child will permanently see itself as I, is wha t will alienate others due its large singular view of itself, and not a view as part of a whole. With the childs actualization of its image and that it can be seen and interpreted, it shall then recognize a binary of physical reality and romance reality.The dream realm is a reality of sorts, in the sense that it is real because it is experienced. That dream realm is then filled with not nly the childs own image, neertheless the image of the physical world it inhabits while awake. This I image is thus residing in the spectrums of this binary where its realities exist both in the physical world and in the mental world. The mirror stage itself is an entire dualistic concept. On one hand, it marks the initial conception of self-actualization, while on the other, maps the libidinal normalization process. Foucault outlines the storey of sex in terms of children, how they communicate it, who discusses it, and where it waits in the binary.Children have for many years had a freedom of l anguage with their mentors in relation to sex (Foucault 1654). This is to imagine that there was less shame in the attitude towards sex. It was a very openly discussed topic outside the realm of perversion and deviance. It was not until the seventeenth century that the French bourgeoisie placed a censorship on all speech that was of sexual manner. Children, across all social classes, gradually became more unplumbed in regards to their sexuality (Foucault 1654). This notion of silence is where duality comes into to play, or lack thereof.Foucault defines silence as the things one declines to say, or is forbidden to name, the discretion that is required between different speakers, (1654). Foucault views silence as a non-passive action, even if it may appear to be doing nothing. One can convey a message just as effectively, and arguably more, by remaining static than actually speaking. Silence is something that functions alongside speech in such a way that it becomes difficult to dif ferentiate the 2 in terms of the outcomes they produce.Foucault acknowledges this lack of binary by stating that there is no division to be made between what one says and what one does not say (1654). In terms of the government enforced censorship on sexuality and speech during the 1600s, this silence surrounding sexuality spoke volumes more than explicit confabulation about it. During this time another binary became prevalent, the public and the private. While the people remained relatively silent in public, they were conversing greatly privately. In the 1700s this silence cipher the forms of discourse on the subject of sex (Foucault 1655).The topic of children sex exploded with many participants partaking in the discussion. there was a great market for this discourse on sex that included the realms of medicine and politics, often interweaving the two. The topic of sex was forced out of the private realm into the public. Foucault says that sex has become something society canno t speak decent about, that society convinced itself that they have never said enough on the subject, throwing society onto a perpetual search for answers (1657). The sexual realm does not reside in the binary of public and private, of being secret or outspoken, yet resides in both.It is because of this need for secrecy that sex has taken such a firm place outside of being a secret. Foucault says society teeters on the middle of the binary system of public and private, that society has consigned sex to a shadow existence, but that they dedicate themselves to speaking of it ad infinitum, while exploiting it as the secret (1658). The history of sex is a prime example of a concept being able to reside in the realms of the public and private binaries, and at the same time residing in neither.Sedgwick claims that sexuality lies in a realm separate than that of gender. She defines chromosomal sex as that of biology that follows the strict XX and XY chromosome pattern of distinction among Homo Sapiens (Sedgwick 2439). She defines gender as an elaborate and rigid social production that strictly serves the binary of sole(prenominal) male and female (Sedgwick 2439). She then defines sexuality as an array of acts, expectations, narratives, pleasures, identity-formations, and knowledge, in both women and men that focus on genital sensations, but not adequately defined by them (Sedgwick 2440).She states that gender is only one dimension of sexual choice and that sexuality strictly deals with how the individual feels and has no relation to, or effect on, procreation. Whereas chromosomal sex is strictly based on procreative purposes since it lies in the realm of biology, where a sexed male and a sexed female are the only sexes that can reproduce with each other. This notion thus makes sexuality the polar opposite of chromosomal sex, rather than gender being its opposite, in the binaries. She states that both gender and sexuality are concepts to be chosen.The divergences between them are that gender serves the binary of male and female, while sexuality, contingent on the individual, are not limited by such a simple binary. This binaries construction was only to serve the male identity. Sedgwick says that any system with gender at its focus will have an inherent heterosexist bias, meaning that the female gender is constructed as a supplement to the male identity (2442). That the binary by which gender is trapped only exists because it required being a binary, the female gender only exists because the male gender required a counterpart.The binary of heterosexual and homosexual fits a deconstructive path go uper more so than the binary of male and female, thus rendering sexual orientation and gender different. All people at birth are in public assigned to one of two genders and because of this are forever unalterable. Sexual orientation, on the other hand, is often times rearrangeable, ambiguous, and has a doubleness quality to it that allows for eas y alterations (Sedgwick 2444). Sedgwick does not find the gender binary to be one of complexity, but of a rather simple and unchallengeable one.She states the essentialism of sexual orientation is less easy to maintain, incoherent, stressed and challenged (Sedgwick 2444). There is a contradictoriness to Sedgwicks claim that sexual orientation is easy to alter and rearrangeable, yet at the same time less easy to maintain. It is, however, this seemingly contradictoriness that makes sexual orientation different from the gender binary. It is this complexity and fluidity that gives sexual orientation its ability to make leaps and bounds across its multinary systems.The most important aspect of the difference between gender and sexual orientation is the fact that one can choose their sexuality, but not their gender. Lacan, Foucault, and Sedgwick all deal with historical values. That is to say, they deal with issues and topics that die at the early stages of young life, thus making these dealings at the conception level of thought. Lacans mirror stage describes a childs actualization of self. Foucault deals with the history of sex and the history of childrens conception of sex. Sedgwick discusses the differences of sex, sexuality, and gender.The uniqueness of Sedgwicks notion is that gender is assigned at birth and can never be altered. This ties into Lacans mirror stage where once a child realizes its image, and the placement of that image in the world it lives in, it can never un-see that image, and moreover, can never remove that image from its surroundings. Foucault greatly discusses children in his chapter, however he does not delve deeper as to what about children relate to their sex. Sedgwick supplies contextual substance to Foucaults hold that deals mainly with the history of sex and not the sex itself.Lacans concept of self-actualization of the I, can be coupled with Sedgwicks gender assignment at birth, that the I is gendered, and will effect, and often d ictate, the childs asymptomatic journey to reach it. Lacans concept of the binary of physical and metaphysical realization of self-image, is the basis for a binary discussion, something either is or is not physically here. Foucault discusses the history of sex and how a binary of speaking about sex or remaining silent does not exist. Sedgwick deals with the gender binary. This theory of dualism, binaries, dichotomy, lays foundation for these authors, and philosophers, and their works.

Insidious Film Review Essay

Insidious is terrifying in a completely unlike way than most horror movies. While the genre continues to creep toward exorcisms, thrill killers and the mentally deranged. Its non out to scare viewers as practically as it is to creep them out. The Lamberts have just moved into a new house. Renai quit her job to focus on music and inscribe the kids, but the latter is proving to be more time-consuming than expected. Theres boxes to unpack, a baby who wont stop crying and a hubby whos becoming increasingly distant. kid assures her nonhings wrong, but nearlything feels off. She knows it. She just cant put her finger on what. Unfortunately, that proof comes by way of a terrible accident. Oldest son Dalton goes exploring in the attic and lands on his head. Apart from a few bumps and bruises, he initially seems fine but fails to charge up up the following morning. Hes rushed to the hospital where the puzzled doctors cant figure out whats wrong. Hes not in a coma. He just wont wake up. Renai wakes up all the time. Anonymous eyes seem to be upon her. Something is inside the house.Its sporadic at first, but after Dalton, still in his non-coma, is moved back home, the strange incidents start becoming more noticeable. Doors open in the sum of the night, alarms go off and theres weird whisperings on the baby monitor. Tired, scared and fed up, the Lamberts once again move to a new house, but their exodus only makes things worse. Bloody handprints are found on Daltons bed and faces appear in the windows almost nightly. After Joshs mother witnesses a horrifying red-faced figure herself, she recommends the couple phone her old friend Elise.In preparation for her visit, Elise sends a two-man team of daimon hunters to inspect the authenticity of the haunting claim. Scanning the ceilings for poisonous fumes to weed out the hallucinators and yelling at Josh for taking action figures out of their boxes, the cur and Jeff pair serve as a strange and wonderful precursor to the ir boss, who over-emphatically concludes theres an epic problem at hand. Dalton is an astraltraveler. He leaves his body at night to voyage into the further, a sketchy realm where dead souls congregate, reliving horrors and coaxing the living into abandoning their Earthly bodies.There, hes been taken prisoner by a devil-looking psychopath who climbs walls, listens to old wind-up music and wants to inhabit his body to embark on a murderous rampage. What makes the film work are the characters, the setting, the atmosphere and the rattling nice build-up of suspense and drama. Patrick Wilson is adequate as the troubled father and Rose Byrne is excellent as wife Renai. The film loses its edge in the blurb half as Wilson takes the helm, Byrne is the stronger of the two but is left with little to do or record and the weight of the film suffers as a result.The small honk works well and credit should go to Lin Shaye as the medium. Joseph Bisharas music score is exceptionally creepy and th e lighting, make-up of the ghostly faces is enough to give some nightmares. What works well is that while there are computer generated shots, they are well designed and hardly a distracting. All in all, Insidious is not for everyone, but I highly recommend you to check it out. In five years, if Im flipping channels and see any twenty second draw off from this film, I guarantee I wont need the guide to tell me Im watching Insidious. Not many movies can say that.

Difficult Teachers: Recent Development on how they can be dealt with

Competition as a factor plays an in-chief(postnominal) role in shaping up nearly all sectors in the present operational milieu. Competition is rife in all sectors and education is swimming inwardly these tides. achiever of the teaching staff is largely guided by results and having all the same two ineffective teachers could lead to a bad name to a principal and his nerve (Brock, & Grady, 2003). Inefficiency of the teaching staff flush toilet lead to loss of accountability and even place a school at risk of losing its reputation or helplessness to offend any.Like in the result oriented business world the ability of the teaching staff to pot standards of peak performance or be limiting to the top performers is cardinal in ensuring that p bents and hard working teachers remain motivated and always seeks the best for students. Such levels of motivation are bound to trickle belt down to students and the result may be improvement in the levels of performance and development o f a culture of success (Hopkins, 2009).It is thence upon administrators especially principals and head of department to meet they develop creative, humane, supportive, tough and clock timely approaches to deal with teachers who are not performing for one reason or the separate. This is further complicated if the teachers world referred to are onerous to deal with. Appreciation of the Problem In practical teaching, many principals confess of having dealt with troublesome teachers in more than one occasion. It is generally believed that each institution has what washbowl be referred to as troubled teacher (Hopkins, 2009).The fact that the teachers are difficult to deal with moldiness not be assumed to be directly correlated to their performance. In some cases the best teachers can prove to be hard to deal with which presents a larger caper considering the impact they could dedicate on a school if they were to quit or their problem addressed badly. It is generally true that t roubled, exhausted and even confused teachers have multiple negative impacts on esprit de corps and school environment.Such troubled teachers have the ability to single handedly break the team spirit that is lively to staff success which results in fragmentation that is a demeanor ground to failure in issues relating to school improvement initiatives. Difficult teachers have been termed by some researchers as a proverbial elephant in the staff. All in the staff are often aware of the existence of such a character but none is willing to confront for the fear of losing or what intimately refer to as being trampled.Many low performing and even high performing (based on result) institutions are overrun by such teachers who appear to be operating within their own code. It has been observed that some principals are even scared of such troubled teachers and though they are aware of their existence they do little to address the situation (Wilmore, 2007). The reality is that ignoring the existence of such teacher does little to address the situation which is let to manifest within the teaching environment and with time the negative personal effects may even be observed in the levels of performance that can be bring home the bacon by a staff (Brock, & Grady, 2003).Failure in performance may not only result to the ousting of a principal but also affect the lives of students who may have had fall apart futures had it not been for the failure of the administrators in addressing difficult teachers. Principals essential be appreciative of the fact that their roles as leaders is worth the risk because the goals seek more than real(a) obtain or advancement. This should also involve clutches of the fact that the lives of the people within the school community and even outside the school community thus the society is dependent on the school system to provide meaning and purpose.This sense of taste must be reinforced by personal sagacity of the administrators to visua lize if they have the ability to effectively handle difficult teachers. Principals as managers and leaders have the role to ensure that the school community is motivated by traffic with the challenges to high levels of motivation and ensuring that impediment or threats to achievement of educational goals are addressed (Brock, & Grady, 2003). Administrators have the ability to misjudge a straight or hot teacher for a trouble maker. This is especially true for administrators who are still getting the feel of being in a new environment.Depending on the animate administration for support is cited as a possible avenue to ensuring that new administrators get a feel of the environment and therefore develop objective assessment of the staff including their own ability to effectively manage the challenges presented by the environment they are in (Wilmore, 2007). Difficult teachers can abide by in hordes or could be unique in a staff that is highly cooperative. Even in a dysfunctional sch ool community, there are teachers who are considered difficult. exploreers have come up with determine that they view as being main(prenominal) in dealing with difficult teacher in varied conditions.The values that must be inherent of administrators can be actual and play a role in ensuring that difficult teachers are dealt with in both functional and dysfunctional environments. bumptious administration is cited as one of the critical success factors in dealing with difficult teachers. The term difficult in difficult teachers is not out of their noesis of martial arts or spiritual ability rather is assertiveness that manifests negatively. The level of assertiveness that such teachers queer has been cited by some as being manifested in difficult to deal with but successful teachers in class.Disregard for the existing systems and rule on a regular basis that defines difficult teachers is a revelation of a negatively developed assertive genius (Brock, & Grady, 2003). It is onl y an assertive administrator that can effectively manage such a teacher and even reform his ways into those accepted within the established systems. purpose building is an important quality that administrators should possess if they are to effectively deal with difficult teachers. Character building is the ability to mould the perception and thereafter actions of a teacher in a manner that leads to their entry or fit into an existing set of values.Character affects perception and therefore actions and should thus be developed in a manner that is ordained if the actions are to lead to generation of value to both students and anformer(a)(prenominal) teaching staff (Wilmore, 2007). Many researchers have come up with findings that blame the fashion of difficult teacher on the nature of their cognition. Such difficult teachers display their negative character irrespective of the nature of administration thus addressing the character issues appear to be the best approach to dealing wi th difficult teachers.Communication is considered one of the important tools that managers and leaders have in ensuring that goals are transmitted through out a system and people are motivated towards achieving set goals. Under confine teaching environment, teachers may take on repulsive behavior to gaining the attention of the administration to issues that may be affecting their efficiency in teaching. While a negative teaching environment is not a precondition for difficult teachers it is a possible cause of negative teachers (Wilmore, 2007).Communication is an avenue through which the nature of difficult teachers can be discerned and it is only from this understanding that suitable intervention measures should be developed. Administrators must study and personalize the art of affective dialogue if difficult teachers are not to arise from a teaching environment and to also ensure a proper understanding of the negative teaching behavior. Developing a positive school culture has c ome up as one of the critical success factors in reducing the prevalence of difficult teaching.Poorly performing schools have been enter as being a breeding ground for difficult teachers (Whitaker, 2002). A poor school culture develops a negative picture of what is expected of a teacher and develops a breeding ground for negative perception and energy that could result in difficult teachers. Some researchers have tried to develop a theory in a bid of have a clear image of difficult teacher formulation in an environment which postulate that a negative culture direct the otherwise positive energy that could have been channeled into positive development to poor interaction with students and other members of staff (Wilmore, 2007).The role of evolution a positive culture has been studied in business and involves interaction with positive people and promotion of positive norms and values. The role of managers and leaders is prominent in this phase and could be the defining factor betwee n failure and success. Contribution of the administrators to teaching and addressing issues that teachers and students are faced with plays an important role in ensuring that administrators are comprehended as part of the school systems.By contributing to issues relating to staff development administrators are placed in a bureau where they can effectively monitor events within their environment (Whitaker, 2002). This is in line with proactive approaches to issues where reporting systems are a formal or documentation systems and not an avenue through which leaders gain insight of problems. By actively contributing to the school community and being at the fore in addressing issues, administrators are put in a position where they can be effective in ensuring overall school development.Conducting assertive interventions and timeliness are the other important values that administrators must display to be able to effectively manage difficult teachers. It is generally believed that the close effective way to deal with students is addressing the teachers. A school in its basic comment takes on a hierarchical structure was the teachers act as a bridge between students and the administration (Whitaker, 2002). Assertive intervention systems are important in ensuring that other teachers whom are often aware of the existence of a problem become informed of strategies that are being taken to address them.Timeliness is a value that is of critical importance in minimizing the negative effects of difficult teachers in a school community. Procrastination has been cited as one of the avenues through which administrators let negative effects of difficult teachers affect existing systems with negative repercussion (Whitaker, 2002). Addressing procrastination is therefore a critical success factor and can only be attained if timeliness as a factor is ingrained within systems seeking solutions. Manifestation of Difficult TeachingThe ability to identify problematic teacher is imp ortant in ensuring that the effect that he has on other members of the teachings staff are mitigated. Difficult teachers come in different forms according to a recent survey that seeks to develop a clear understanding of difficult teachers (Whitaker, 2002). Understanding the exact manifestation of difficult behavior in teachers and interaction with other staff members and administration is important in devising strategy that can be used in dealing with threats that they pose.Complaining and negative teachers have been cited as the some difficult to deal with. It is better(predicate) that such teachers be directly and confidentially addressed (Waterman, & Waterman, 2006). Ensuring that teachers are aware of the effects that their behavior has on existing system and achievement of the educational goals and presenting a platform for them to raise issues that may be affecting them in a confidential manner is important in ensuring the interventions do not manifest negatively. questio n shows that some principals however choose to ignore the negative comments from difficult teachers.Though success of the interaction in such a case is dependent on the detail with which the administrators can focus on positive staff members, ignoring the negative staff members is misplaced and could be counter-productive. Stating expectations and offering assistance have for a long time been considered vital steps in dealing with difficult teacher however, the change in environment and the need for leaders and managers to be proactively involved in twenty-four hours to day running of their systems has led to increased requirement on administrators (Whitaker, 2002).Noise makers and anarchist are considered the second most common characteristic of difficult teachers. Directly addressing their behavior groups is considered the first step to addressing issues they may be faced with. Stating what is expected of them including policies, behavior and expectation while monitoring progres s are also considered success factors (McEwan, 2005). Research shows that if the initial intervention framework fails in developing observable change in the teachers placing them on an improvement plan is considered the next phase by many.In most cases, the intervention system for these behavior group end with a teacher being asked to leave a faculty after all measures fail in developing positive behavior change. Difficult teachers can also be defined by high propensity to gossip. While gossip may be considered a form of communication in any social setting if it continues to grow it could prove difficult for administrators to replace it with the truth. A factor that is widely comprehended as being a stumbling block to effectively addressing issues that an organization is faced with is gossip which affects the level of efficiency that can be attained in communication.Administrators must ensure that such members of staff are made aware of the negative effects that gossip could have t o the attainment of school goals. Most leadership experts gratuity to the fact that openly showing disgust and disapproval of gossip could lead to positive results (McEwan, 2005). Institutions that are aware of the negative effects that continual gossips has on communication efficiency have in the past asked difficult teachers to consider leaving a faculty if they could not deal with their love for gossiping.Backstabbers are another problem group where the direct approach is cited as being most effective. In fact a more direct approach than in all other cases has to be used in confronting perpetrators with questions on the why, what, where and when regarding a case. Depending on the magnitude of a case the intervention systems may either involve letting the culprit be aware of the fact that his actions have been brought into light and citing insubordination which may also involve restating expectation of behavior and initiation of an improvement plan (McEwan, 2005).Research shows t hat most principals are aware of the existence of such backstabber but consider their actions less influential on attainment of goals. Backstabbing is viewed by principals as differing opinions rather than lack of appreciation of the input of other members. This is a negative perception that is reflective of the differences that exist between approach pattern and research. Discussion in that respect appears to be a wide appreciation of the extent of difficult teachers. Researchers have tried to dissect the problem from different dimensions to ensure that its emergence, manifestation and even approaches to its focus are well understood.Behavior development nature of experiences that a teacher has undergone the nature of the operational environment and objectives of the teachers are factors cited as being vital in defining the extent and effect of difficult teachers. There is no doubt on the effects that such teachers could have on the levels of morale and even attainment of admini strative goals. One of the most important developments in recent research is an effort to develop a clear understanding of the different behavior groups and how each group can be addressed.Direct measures and restatement of the vision have been stated as being vital in ensuring effective management of different cases. The role of the administrators and the critical success values are applicable in the measures that have been developed for different behavior groups. It is apparent that there is little that can be through by researchers to address individual cases however administrators can pick from the general guidelines that have been developed to come up with measures in management and leadership that can ensure difficult teachers are dealt with in a manner that leads to professional development.Critical review of success factors and steps involved in mitigating and addressing specific behavior problems points to the fact that effective leadership and management are important in i dentification and address of difficult teachers as a key problem in achievement of schooling goals. The art and science aspect of management have to be reinforced with appreciation of the potential effect that problem teachers have on attainment of a schools objectives and facilitation of communication and transmission of positive values in attaining efficiency.There is no doubt on the role played by innovation, creativity, skills, experience, coordination and overall strategic management in ensuring difficult teachers are managed and their effects addressed. finishing Difficult teachers have the potential of disrupt learning and lead to loss of morale in the teaching staff. Understanding the teachers which involve ensuring high levels of interaction with them and applications programme of strategic management principles in addressing the challenge they present have widely been discussed by researchers.There however appears to be a gap between research and practice in that some pri ncipals and administrators despite the effects that difficult teachers have on attainment of school goals ignore their existence. Researches on how this appreciation can be developed are lacking and are one of the key areas that have to be addressed if the current state of research is to be helpful to practicing administrators. Little has been done with regards to difficult administrators who may in fact pose a greater threat to attainment of schooling goals.A further understanding of the cause of difficult behaviors among teachers must be developed to create a good platform for administrators to base their interventions. In a nutshell, the current researches provide a suitable platform for definition of strategic directions that can be taken in addressing difficult teachers it is however upon administrators and the entire school community to develop specific approaches that are relevant to their cases which differ different owing to different values and expectations that characteri ze schools.

Philippines Airlines Case Essay

Philippines air hoses started its history on sue 15, 1941 on a small twin-engine beech tree Model 18 flying 212 of pure skies from Manila to Baguio with a full load of five passengers. Upon the outbreak of the pacific war, PALs two aircraft were touch into service with the US army denude Corps. Post-war operations began on February 14, 1946 with five ex-military Douglas DC-35. In July, the airline chartered DC-4s to carry American service men base to Oakland, making PAL the first airline to cross the Pacific. Regular DC-4s service to San Francisco began in December 1946. In May 1947, PAL opened a pass to Europe. By 1952, the international route network denyed two-thirds of the wold, and the government became the majority stockholder. At present, PAL uses the most advance technology in the local airline industry.Technical centers were constructed to perform ground handling for other airlines and contract work for the states and Philippine Military services. Computerized making s systems link most PAL sales outlets 103 in the Philippines and 56 worldwide. The PAL Data Center at the Manila Domestic Airport is the core of the most extensive computer system in the Philippines today. A massive refleeting program was introduced to be able to cope with the standards of the industry. Indeed, this program paved the way for the problems they are facing right now.ClosurePhilippine Airlines (PAL) is facing its worst crisis. for the first time in the companys mind is how can it possibly overcome problems created by the economic turmoil that has been bagging the Asian region since July 1997- a station few quarters were able to predict. What do they do in times of decreasing demand for air travel, poor revenues, increasing operational cost, and when credit to cover financial obligations is almost non-existent? The main reason why PAL suffered financial problems was because of the massive refleeting modernization program, which was funded through loans made from loca l and international creditors.It has reached a stay where it can no longer keep up with its obligations. Then, the labor unrest come into force because of the need to downsize manpower as a solution to its financial problems. The pilots rejected a scheme to retire 200 colleagues using a provision in their CBA which would not give them enough monetary benefit that will compensate their year of service with the company. Theground employees protested the manner by which the management implemented a retrenchment program on their ranks as a precede of the 22-day pilots strike. The downsizing was a bitter pill to swallow.Chain of Events Prior to the ClosureJune 1998The 620 PAL pilots went on strike paralyzing PALs operations. 1,800 ground employees were retrenched.July 1998Philippine Air Lines Employee Association (PALEA) went on strike to demand the reinstatement of the retrenched members who they claimed were dismissed by violating their CBA provisions. September 1998Lucio Tan gave ou t a proposal to PALEA officers, the acceptance of which will ensure the survical of PAL. PALEA officers recognised the proposal.Members of PALEA rejected the proposal and demanded a retraction from the officers. Officers retracted on a condition that a referendum is held on the proposals. Referendum under the sponsorship of DOLE was held. NO votes prevailed. Closure becomes reality. instruction side (Interview)The closure was done because the company is on the brink of bankruptcy. It was due to the un root wordseen economic crisis. There is no problem with the management and labor. The management wherefore gave a proposal to avoid the closure of the company. Labor side (source from Newspapers)They are afraid that the management can easily fire them without the CBA. They are in any case upset about the recognition of the labor union even if the CBA is suspended.Another referendum was made and the YES votes prevailed which means that they agreed to the proposal of Mr. Lucio Tan may be because of limited options they obligate. REACTION (Written by a PAL employee)The upheavals in PAL can best described as Bad Luck. After 57 years in existence, who would have say that management expertise is lacking, maybeinappropriate to the call of the times just now never lacking.The labor unions have enjoyed the rights since day one of their foundation but again due to the call of the times, they have just ask for more.Each one has its own reasons for being so the collapse of the enterprise come to fore and closure was inevitable.The Yes or No vote.Both are evil but we chose the lesser evil- Why Yes?1. Yes means reopening of the airline, a must for national interest as well as individual workers interest. The industry is vital to national trade and tourism. Its absence could slow down the Philippine scrimping further. slice its true that there maybe other airlines, PAL has the edge in facilities, human resources, and worldwide recognition. 2. The suspension of CBA can sti ll be questioned in court for its legality and can be pursued by the union. 3. There are labor laws to protect the workers.Effects of the Closure in the EconomyThe economy then was in recession so the people did not consider air travel. Many PAL workers went home jobless. GNP drops because of low productivity. Business opportunities were cancel or delayed due to lack of Air Transportation.Re-openingPal opened its door when all the problems were partially solved. Owner Lucio Tan infused capital to the wingless airline, which was not enough for its continued survival. Selling of some assets were considered to pay creditors. It lessened flight destinations to be able to lower operation cost. A possible management disturbance might happen for the survival.Rehabilitation PlanThe plan was mainly to infuse capital to PAL airlines. Possible investors were invited for the infusion of the capital. Selling percentage of ownership were also considered. Foreign investors such as Cathay Pacific , Northwest were thinking of possible investment to the said airline. A $150 million capital infusion was intend but the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) did not approve it last December 1998. Selling of sharesworth $11.916 million in abacus international, one of the biggest international computer reservation systems in the world was considered to raise cash for operations. A new rehabilitation plan worth $200 million is set to be submitted on March 15, 1999 for the approval by the SEC.

Great Gatsby Corruption

Possibly one of F. Scott Fitzgeralds most astonishing work, The groovy Gatsby is not just a magnificent story, only when an insightful lesson of societys flaws during the 1920s. Fitzgeralds novel creates an atmosphere of superficiality, dissatisfaction and dishonesty by the depictive illustration of each characters defect. With economical growth, the immoral society of the twenties ultimately brought corruption to the American Dream of achieving prosperity. At the end of the first chapter, the green light at the end of Daisys dock is introduced, the symbol for hope and a promising future for the Great Gatsby.In the second chapter however, the reader is presented with the, valley of ashes where ashes take the form of houses and chimneys and rising smoke and finally of men who move dimly and already crumbling through the close-grained air . The valley of ashes can be interpreted as the superficial and dirt-filled materialistic world that the characters live in. The authors great us e of imagery helps accentuate the backcloth and the crumbling foundation of society. In Fitzgeralds novel, Gatsby is labeled as new money.Having come from no wealthy background, and building his fortunes early in life, Gatsby nearly fulfills all the aspects of the American Dream with hard work, courage and determination but comes short by not achieving satisfaction from prosperity. Money was the critical reagent to Gatsbys corruption that unfolds when he describes Daisy. Her voice is safe of money . Often identified as a symbol of wealth, Daisy was Gatsbys main goal. Gatsby had an enormous need to impress Daisy with his riches his tainted mind could only liberty chit what he had acquired all these years, money.

Isaac’s Storm by Erik Larson Essay

Isaacs Storm is a book indite by Erik Larson that quarters a hurricane climax toward Galveston figuratively and literaly with his use of diction,figurative language, blame structure, and organization of the piece. Larson starts out by describing Africa as awakening,rose, and warmed (paragraph 1) to bring the reader in to the chapter with the calm and tranquil presence of Africa. He continues to build on this with a shift heat scalded the air(paragraph 2) and winds filled the sky with dust (paragraph 2) to int wish-wash the reader with the sudden change in scenery. Africa was calm, tranquil but promptly something is forming, building up which creates suspense for the reader capturing their interest. Paragraph three continues with the weather of not only Africa but in the U.S. with the sea was enthusiastic (paragraph 3) and land was hot (paragraph3) to change the focus to the on the U.S.He does this so the reader can see how this brewing storm in Africa is effecting the U.S. Larso n uses words like wool, black, superheated (paragraph 3) to further describe the intense heat U.S is suffering from which creates imagery. He than pulls back to Africa in paragraphs five and six with the winds are arced (paragraph 5) and air filled with snow flakes and shard ice (paragraph 6) to show the storm is only getting worse ,rising and getting stronger. Larson again move back to the U.S saying children saw cloudsclouds bloomed before their eyes (paragraph 6)to show the obliviousness the people of U.S. are about this coming storm toward them from Africa.Larson furthers his suspense with the weather in the U.S and Africa not only with his diction and figurative language but with his clock time structure. He uses short, choppy sentences to add imagery to his writing such as the trains were hot (paragraph 2) and passengers roasted (paragraph 2). Larson does this to emphasis the inescapable heat weather that is simply written but is very clear to the meaning. He uses these shor t sentences in the right way that gives meaning to the writing so the reader may imagine this and connect.Larson also uses parallelism to emphasize the weather with colder and colder (paragraph 6) and higher and higher (paragraph 6) he does this again for suspense to what is coming. Erik Larson describes a hurricane coming toward Galveston figuratively and literally with his use of diction, figurative language, sentence structure, and organization of the piece. To show by one nave nature can be their very downfall in the end.

Corporate Business World: Ethics and Morality Essay

ethical motive and morals ar a requirement in the incarnate disdain world. Each day employees are faced with moral and ethical issues and because they have their proclaim private set of morals, they behave differently. Many have formed a good understanding of the basics of morality, leadership, piety and social responsibility but most do non really understand the true means of values, moral philosophy and morality. The roots of ethics in America teach us Ten Universal Values, namely, averagey, integrity, promise-keeping, fidelity, fairness, caring, see for others, responsible citizenship, pursuit of excellence, and accountability. However, recent history teaches us 12 ethical principles that include two excess values, namely leadership, and temperament and morals to the list that I lead discuss in this essay. I go off also discuss the differences between ethical and moral issues. In business, ethics and character count. Therefore, I will also discuss some organization s that have been destroyed or damaged due to their unethical and shocking mien in business.Lets begin with Merriam Websters Dictionary definition of ethics. According to this dictionary, ethics is defined as an area of study that deals with ideas about what is good and bad expression a outset of philosophy dealing with what is morally right or wrong (Merriam-Webster). According to our text, ethics is defined in two ways. First, it states that ethics are the principles of conduct that governs an individualistic or group. An example would be the rules by which an individual lives his or her personal life (Text pg 8). A great example would be when a child makes the ratiocination tobreak the rules of a game, he is creating conflict between himself and his playmates. Then again, the child who discerns to play by the rules eventually enjoys friendship and closeness with his playmates, which is a benefit to himself. Our text defines ethics from the dictionary as the study of morali ty. Ethics may deal with morality, but it is not the same as morality (Text pg 8).Our text states that ethics is a kind of investigation that includes both the activity of investigating as well as the results of that investigation. Whereas, morality is the theater of operations matter that ethics investigates (Text pg 8). This brings us to the dictionary definition of morality which defines it as beliefs about what is right behavior and what is wrong behavior, or the degree to which something is right and good the moral goodness or badness of something (Merriam-Webster). 2 good examples are correcting a financial error in your favor when you know that it would never be discovered and a co-worker stealing food out of the freezer. These are crimes, the moral issue is do you report them or not? There are guidelines and standards in which employees are expected to follow if an employee decides to quell employed.Ethical principles serve as a guide to making decisions and they also ser ve to establish the criteria by which your decisions will be judged by others. In the business world, it is critical how people judge your character because it is the keister of trust and credibility. Your reputation is what people perceive of your actions. Are they honorable and ethical? Whereas your character is defined by your actions and if they are they honorable and ethical according to the following 12 ethical principles1. H starsty Be honest in all communications and actions.2. Integrity Maintain personal integrity.3. Promise-keeping Keep promises and fulfill commitments.4. Loyalty Be loyal within the framework of other ethical principles.5. Fairness Strive to be fair and proficient in all dealings.6. Caring Demonstrate compassion and a genuine concern for the well-being of others.7. regard as for others Treat everyone with respect.8. Law Abiding Obey the law.9. Commitment to excellence Pursue excellence all the sequence in all things.10. Leadership Exemplify h onor and ethics.11. Reputation and Morale Build and protect and fabricate the companys good reputation and the moral of its employees.12. Accountability Be accountable.Both character and reputation should be a concern for successful executives because both can be destroyed by their actions that are perceived to be unethical (http//josephsoninstitute.Ethics are an integral learned part of the success or failure of a business. Several large organizations such as Enron and WorldCom have been destroyed and some organizations such as AIG, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac have been seriously damaged due to unethical practices of their top executives. Most remarkable is the Ponzi scheme by Bernie Madoff and other executives of Enron Corporation who convinced thousands of investors to fork over their savings by falsely promising consistent profits in return and falsely inflated the companys revenues, by dint of their accounting practices that make them become the seventh largest company i n the world. When the scheme was uncovered, the company fell unraveled and, consequently, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in December, 2001. Seven years later, Madoff was caught and charged with 11 counts of fraud, money laundering, perjury, and theft after conning his investors out of $65 billion and went undetected for many years. He was sentenced to 150 years in prison (S. Yang 2014). more locally, my daughter previously worked for the Finance Department of the Marion Housing authority and was terminated by Executive Director, Frederick Hunt, for not participating in practicing that ethically and morally wrong. After a three-year investigation, Hunt was arrested and preliminarily charged with two counts of forgery, one count of corrupt business influence and four counts of theft for misusing more than $20,000 in Marion Housing Authority funds. According to the Grant County Prosecutor, checks were written to a sub-contractor, Hunt forged the payees name and deposited the funds in to his own personal account charged over $12,000 on a company credit card and made several in his hometown of North Carolina (C. Franks 2014).According to our textbook, traditionally the view of an individualsresponsibility for bodily acts have claimed that when an organized group of members (i.e. corporation) act together, then their act should be attributed to the bodily group and not the individuals of whom the group is made and they must be held responsible for the act. Meaning that each and every person who knowingly and freely cooperates to produce a corporate act is morally responsible for that act. The law, however, attributes the acts of a corporations managers to the corporation as a whole and not to the managers as individuals. (Text pg. 62)While a majority of companies choose to make law-abiding decisions, there are still some companies that will try to beat the system. This is where the Sarbanes-Oxley come of 2002 comes in. This Act discourages the crooks of the cor porate world from being noncompliant with security violations due to the Acts deplorable and civil penalty provisions and it encourages independent auditing by certified external auditors. This Act requires elevated levels of corporate disclosure in the areas of executive salaries, financial reports, and insider trading. Although the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is considered a burden by some companies, it gives the invest world a greater level of confidence in their investment activities by complying with its provisions.In conclusion, ethics is the branch of philosophy that theoretically, rationally, and logically determines right from wrong, moral from immoral, and good from bad conducts and behaviors. Simply put by some as walking the talk. With regard to basic values, morals guide people toward permissible behavior they are judgments, standards and rules of good conduct in society. Hopefully, one day all executives and managers will come to accomplish the old saying that honesty is the best policy.References12 Ethical Principles for Business Executives by Michael Josephson. (2010, December 17). Retrieved January 6, 2015, from http//josephsoninstitute.org/business/blog/2010/12/12-ethical-principles-for-business-executives/ Ethic. (n.d.). Retrieved January 6, 2015, fromhttp//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ethic Franks, C. (2014, July 14). Former Housing Head Arrested. Chronicle-Tribune. Retrieved January 8, 2015. Morality. (n.d.). Retrieved January 6, 2015, from http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/morality judgement ethics and morality in business Smart Business Magazine. (n.d.). Retrieved January 6, 2015, from http//www.sbnonline.com/article/understanding-ethics-and-morality-in-business-there-are-distinct-differences-between-ethics-and-morality/ Velasquez, M. (2012). Business ethics Concepts and cases (7th Ed.). upper berth Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall. Yang, S. (2014, July 1). 5 Years Ago Bernie Madoff Was Sentenced to 150 Years In prison house Her es How His Scheme Worked. Retrieved January 6, 2015, from http//www.businessinsider.com/how-bernie-madoffs-ponzi-scheme-worked-2014-7BA 3200 ESSAYexist.

The Small Company with a Big-Time Motivation Program

Question 1 How vehement was the overall employee motivation program at loosen Mining? On a scale of 1-10, with 10 being the best, wiretap Mining gets a 10 The company focuses on employees needs, is flexible with scheduling lets employees slay off for family matters, matches 401k, generous profit sharing program, and a good health care package. This touches upon e really sentiment of a good employee motivation program. Question 2 What evidence of participate management can you keep in this case?One key example was the example of the expansion to the Taylor plant. The company V. P. Dan Valiquette made surely to consult with the employees who would be affected by the expansion. He wanted the guys having to run the equipment involved in the redesign of the process, thus promoting employee buy-in, and the employees felt valued. He also included contractors and vendors involved with the change, which made everyone involved with project tincture part of the process and take owners hip.Question 3 How well do you think open-book management would thrash at Badger Mining? I think it would very well at Badger Mining. The take aim of trust between upper management and their releaseforce is extremely high they have a very cohesive group that is committed to excel. They already have several of the key blocks in place to be no-hit using OBM trust and empower employees and profit sharing. Question 4 Keys to successful employee participation programs.The examples of successful employee participation programs in this case are 1) Profit sharing, 2) long term security of employees working for Badger Mining and the companys history, 3) the training programs and culture within the company, and 4) the protection of the individuals who work for the company by letting them have flexible schedules and take time off for family. These examples make Badger Mining holy for participative management.The employees want to participate because they feeling valued and that they ha ve ownership in the company, in short they feel like they matter. Question 5 Would you like to work for a small company like Badger Mining? Yes I would love to. Working for public education has its rewards, but theyre not financial, but I do feel very lucky to love what I do. However, it would be good to work for a company that I could work hard and e rewarded for the effort.

Globalisation of GAP Essay

An decorateigation into how possibility inc. has rotateed into orbicular grocery stick ins and to what extent has this been thriving? severance was entraped in 1969 by Donald Fisher and Doris Fisher. The name came from the growing differences between children and adults, called the generation gap. The Fishers had been frustrated with the wish of decent customer service and fashionable styles at naked as a jaybird(prenominal) retailers. One of the accredited mottos of the ac association was Levis for Guys and Gals. Around 1982, fracture began focusing on its bear private label garb and by 1991-1992, the comp any(prenominal) had stopped carrying Levis. As of April 2, 2005, Gap Inc. had approximately 150,000 employees and tendd 3,005 investment alliances worldwide. Donald Fisher retired as Chairman of the Board in 2004 and was replaced by his son, Robert Fisher. The Fisher family collectively features or so 25% of the corporation.Since its installing in 1969, Gap has endured its customers with clothing and accessories that enhance their individual(prenominal) style. What began as one(a) injury has grown to include Gap, examples of Gap brands ar GapKids, babyGap, GapBody and GapMaternity. By providing keen style, place and service, Gap has become one of the worlds most recognized brands with much(prenominal) than 1,450 stores in the united States, Canada, the coupled Kingdom, Japan and France. Today, Gap Inc. is one of the worlds largest specialty retailers, with more than 3,100 stores and 2006 revenues of $15.9 billion. Gap operate five of the most recognized clothing brands in the world including Gap, banana tree commonwealth, Old Navy, Forth & Towne and Piperlime.The elaboration and ethics of Gap crowd out be go throughn from the missions statement provided by Gap.Guided by a administerd Purpose, were able to break together more effectively and contri neverthelesse to Gap Inc.s victor in a more meaningful vogue. Inspir ed by the same Values, we reflect the character, spirit and beliefs of Gap in e trulything we do. Driven to exceed with the right Behaviors, we work purposefully as individuals, as teams, as a fraternity, to be the scoop up we bay window be and achieve our vision for growth.Our PurposeE very(prenominal) day, Gap Inc. honors the original reason for founding this company Were passionate that you be you.We make it easy for you to express your individual(prenominal) style throughout your life.Our ValuesTo achieve our purpose, we create an environment that encourages our teams to act with integrity and live by the highest standard of ethics. We listen, we respect each others time, we value the contributions each of us makes. In a spirit of open-mindedness and trust, we be open to a diversity of ideas, approaches and points of view-across teams and across divisions. We believe in quality and delivering the best result possible, reflecting the realities of value, time and what custom ers truly value. We find ways to put into balance things that seem to be at odds-work and life, commerce and social responsibility, rapid response and a planful approach.One of the main aims for a contrast is to grow, erst a business has achieved this in its own food market expanding into contrasted markets sack up be very expensive but advantageous. Businesses which operate in more than one coun screen are multi nationals examples of multi nationals are coca Cola, Sony, Mcdonalds and Gap inc. these businesses swallow successfully expanded into foreign markets and are now a global brand which is enviable to any business.There are unhomogeneous reasons why companies want to expand into foreign markets. initiatory the world consists of over 6 billion people this is a huge customer base for companies to yield to exploit. More potential customers could result in increased gross sales and revenue beca startle of the larger target market. This could indeed increase profit a nd even further growth for the business. As a business grows economies of descale can be an innate tool for businesses to take advantage of.Economies of scale allow businesses to defile in hoi polloi and so carry less for each unit, cast devouring costs for the business. On a global scale the economies of scale the business could pull in would be far greater than that if they respec submit operate in their own internal market. likewise if a business operates in more than one domestic market the adventure is spread over several markets. Therefore if one market is non doing easy for the business other foreign markets could make up for this. Spreading the take chances would be very beneficial as the business would non be reliant on one market. Finally, investing in emerging markets businesses would gain the hazard to sell to people whos income are growing strongest and fastest, creating a brand and customer loyalty which would get ahead the company greatly when the s ylvan further develops.There are however drawbacks and disadvantages to entering into foreign markets. set score language can be a major difficulty in foreign markets. If the business is non familiar with the language of the innovative market it can cause problems in communicating with employees directors and employees. This could whence lead to problems in making endings and implementing any changes. Also setting up in a new market can brook very high start up costs. This could include a compartmentalisation of things ranging from buying land to building factories for production. These high capital costs could inhibit the company from expanding as they whitethorn be reluctant to borrow finance.Advertising in the new market can be very expensive, as the company tries to create a brand and gain a competitive advantage TV commercials or adverts in newspapers or the radio could cost the company millions as the advertising campaign whitethorn need to be a long term investment. In new markets research and increase can alike be very expensive as learning near the new market and customers is essential to do well in the market. The company must invest heavily in the research and development as it would be crucial to supply the market with what they need, non just deponeing on what has been provided in their own domestic market.The government in the new country can to a fault pose a problem. opposite laws tax and interest rates can cause a problem for the company. The business could take in to pay higher amounts of tax or change some regulations in the company to comply with laws in the country. purpose making can be very difficult. If the head quarters of the business was in America and they had just expanded into China implementing decisions and making decisions would be made so a great deal delicateer. Overall operating in a nonher market can cost the company millions in a variety of areas. When making the decision the company must take into cons ideration the prospect costs of the expansion and non neglect the domestic market.Entering into new markets involves a great deal of risk there are many problems associated with interchange in an unknown markets. Businesses attempt to overcome some of these problems in a number of ways,Firstly the company could decide to use sound out ventures. This involves the business working together with another company in the country they wish to expand into. Both businesses impart expect to gain from the venture. The partnership includes the original company who and so teams up with a local company in the foreign market who has the acquaintance of the market and already has established distribution links etc. An example of joint ventures could be Coca Cola who have entered joint ventures with bottling companies. They trade brand power for local knowledge of the distribution system.Joint ventures can be very good for companies, they can gain local knowledge without having to spend milli ons of pounds on research and development. Also initial capital costs would be reduced because you wouldnt have to build factories or buy land because of your partner company. There is a greater chance of success in the foreign market and the risk is reduced for the company. From the research I have done I have not found any evidence of Gap entering into joint ventures, this could be due to the following negatives of the concept, firstly having to work with another business could be problematic.You may not be familiar with new company and so trust would have to be built between the deuce businesses in order for the partnership to be effective. The civilizations of the ii businesses could also be different causing difficulties in situations such as ethics. Decisions would also have to be made together coming to a collective decision could be difficult. Finally any boodlework would have to be shared between the two companies, whereas if the original business had set up alone it wo uld receive 100% of the net profit. Obviously Gap would have taken into consideration the positives and the negatives about joint ventures but found that the disadvantages were outweighing the advantages.The second idea the business could use would be franchising. For many businesses this is the best way into international markets. Franchises are legal agreements by which local businesses are allowed to set up using the name, logotype and trading method of a well known company. They gain all the benefits of a strongly mark product in return they pay a lump sum of specie, serving of the annual turnover and provide local knowledge. Examples of franchising would be Mcdonalds who have allowed some of their stores to be licenced.I have found evidence relating to various franchised Gap stores around the world. Gap has entered the franchise industry in order to develop its growth in Asia. Gap has signed a franchise agreement with Singaporean congregation FJ gum benjamin Holdings w hich testament see stores opened in Singapore and Malaysia under the Gap and Banana commonwealth brands. Under the agreements, F J genus Benzoin go out hold exclusive rights to operate Gap and Banana state branded clothing and accessories stores in Singapore and will hold exclusive rights to distribute Gap and Banana Republic products in Malaysia.This franchise agreement between Gap and F J Benjamin demonstrates the companys first step toward expanding the Gap and Banana Republic brands via international franchises. F J Benjamin plans to open about 30 stores in Singapore and Malaysia by 2010, opening the first Gap store in 2006 and the first Banana Republic store in 2007.We are produceing Gap and Banana Republic to more customers throughout the world,Quote from Andrew Rolfe president of Gap inc international.Gap Inc. will gain F J Benjamins retail expertise but will provide access to Gap and Banana Republics world-ren owned clothing and accessories. F J Benjamin will purchase m erchandise from Gap Inc. or suppliers designated by Gap Inc. and must keep to Gap Inc.s quality standards to protect the reputation of the Gap and Banana Republic brands.This year Gap has also brought more franchise partners on board in united Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and Oman, and plans to have 90 Gap and Banana Republic stores in Southeast Asia and the marrow eastern hemisphere by 2010.The second franchising deal that Gap inc have signed is with the Al Tayer group-a leading business in the Middle einsteinium. Al Tayer will introduce Gap and Banana Republic brands into five key markets in the Middle East. The Group plans to open about 25 Gap and about 10 Banana Republic stores by 2010. The first Gap stores will open in the later part of 2006 and the Banana Republic stores are scheduled to open in 2007. Under its agreement with Gap Inc, Al Tayer Group will hold exclusive rights to operate Gap and Banana Republic branded clothing and accessories stores in United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and exclusive rights for Gap in Oman. Gap Inc. will again provide access to Gap and Banana Republics world-renowned clothing and accessories in return Al Tayer Groups expertise in building retail outlets in the Middle East.Gap have entered two franchising deals already, if these were to succeed I would not predict against them entering them in the future. The advantages to gap for using franchise deals are as follows any risk for the business is taken away as soul else will be running the business. The company will be provided with a lump sum and a percentage share of the annual turnover. This lump sum can be invested into other areas of the business such as advertising or research and development. The percentage of the annual turnover could also be retained profit. The business grows quickly and easily a global brand can be created effectively as long as people are free to buy franchises in your business.Although there are various advantages th e company could benefit from there are also disadvantages which could defile the business, actions by the franchised stores could harm the reputation of the company, because they have no hear in the market they pay up full responsibility to the franchisee that could let you down. Also single some of cyberspace are given to the company they have to share with the franchisee. This annual turnover they do receive would probably be significantly lower than the stores gross profit annually.The final growth schema which could be used by Gap would be licensing, A license allows a business to make, produce and market a product or use the production method, which is protected by copyright or patent. This means that an innovative company can expand into international markets without actually having to invest in locally based production facilities. An example of licensing would be Heineken laager which is brewed under license by Whitbreads in the United Kingdom.From research I have found that as well as franchising Gap have also entered licensing agreements. In 2006 Gap announced a licensing agreement between themselves and Safilo group. Safilo group are the leader in high-end and luxury eyewear. The agreement includes Banana Republic-branded prescription medicine frames and sunglasses. The agreement includes the design, development, production and distribution of a collection to be launched by the end of 2007 in the United States and Canada. Terms of the agreement include a five-year commitment. The agreement represents the first time Banana Republic will sell its products outside its own distribution channels.Their ability to transform eyewear concepts into luxury products is a great complement to our own expertise in extending the Banana Republic brand.Quote from Marka Hansen president of banana republic, highlighting that both(prenominal) the companies entering into the licensing agreement will benefit from the others expertise in that relevant field. Banana Republic are not familiar with the design or production of sunglasses and so have taken the opportunity to find a leader in the sunglasses market to do this for them. Safilo will benefit from the well know brand identity of Gap inc and therefore the agreement should benefit both companies dramatically.These are not the only benefits that both companies could gain capital costs of setting up in a foreign market are reduced because the licensee will have to produce the product. Also no local knowledge will be needed because the business will not have to sell in the area. This can save millions in research and development for the company. Finally the risk of setting up in a foreign market is reduced and the business grows quickly and easily, a global brand is created.Having these benefits would be great for both the companies involved in the licensing agreement, but as with all the strategies there are downsides to entering these agreements, person else will be running your business you have to trust others will the reputation and brand of your company. If the licensee does something to harm your reputation it could reduce sales. Finally the network from the new market go directly to the licensee. The business only receives a lump sum for selling the license. This could prove disastrous if the market does very well and profits are alot higher than expected.Assessing which strategy will be best in order to be profitable and best for the business can be very difficult. Making the correct decision on which strategy to use when entering a foreign market could be the difference between success and profits in that market or complete failure.Gap inc. is a global brand, and owns stores around the world, as the table shows below. The company has entered into these markets using different strategies, and so therefore some have been successful and others have not. I will know analyze the strategies used by the company in order to create a global brand and consequently adjudicate whether this has been successful.CountryTotal number of storesUnited Kingdom240Canada236France54Japan153Germany20 parentage, http//biz.yahoo.com/e/070402Gap has entered various markets using company owned stores and deciding not to use any of the strategies above. This strategy was used in several European market such as Germany the UK and France. These markets however have not proved as profitable as had hoped, this lead to Gap exiting the German market. Gap has operated in the UK since 1987 and in France since 1993.Overall, Gaps total revenue in the year end in January, 2006, was $16.02 billion, down 1.5%. Last year, Gaps sales in Britain and France combined fell 6.1%, to $825 million. Together, those two countries account for about 7% of Gaps total revenue.Source- Gap inc Annual report 2006Source http//finance.google.com/finance?q=GPSThe above diagram shows the share price for Gap inc. since 1987. The graph shows that the share price was comparatively low until 1997 w hen there was a dramatic increase ranging until 1999. We can see that in 1987 when the Gap invested in stores in the UK the share price was $2.87. Even after(prenominal) entering such a mass market and increased possible customers which should inevitably lead to increased sales and therefore profit, in the following geezerhood the share price did not reflect this. After four days in the UK market the share price had only increased minimally to $3.37. A larger increase in the share price would have been expected if the sales had gone as predicted.The same can be said about the share price when the company expanded into the French market in 1993, the share price was $4.38 after three years in the market the share price had only increased minimally again to only $6.37. These figures show that there has been an increase in the share price of Gap after the interpolation into new markets, but not the kind of increase that was expected. Because Gap was introduced into the new markets b y company owned outlets, the start up costs would have been very high and so therefore the company would have expected to have high sales to try and regain some of these costs.The inevitable ending to the Gap stores in these markets would be similar to that of Gap stores in Germany were after years of poor sales the company withdrew from that market Gap was forced into selling shops in Germany to one of their main competitors, Swedish company H&M.The lack of profits and growth in the European markets is highlighted in the quote below.Gap International store sales were negatively impacted by weak product acceptance in Europe. Our total store sales increase was due to the 130 new store openings, a majority of which occurred during the second half(a) of the year.Source Quote from Gaps annual report of 2006This quote highlights the problems faced in the European markets. Gap may have used their experiences and lack of success in the European market to reform their chances in other em erging markets such as Asia. This may have played a part in swaying the decision to choose licensing and franchising as a source of international growth rather than try to go it alone as they did in Europe. Gaps problems in this market could be down to a number of reasons, for example poor research and development not understanding what the consumer needs or poor pricing strategies.The two franchising agreements between Gap and F J Benjamin Holdings and Al Tayer group are relatively new. The franchises are not trading and so the extent to which this has been successful can not be evaluated. A leading competitor and one of Gaps main rivals in the clothing industry is Spanish company Zara a well branded company known all around the world, has successfully franchised its company and is now reaping the rewards. For example a franchised Zara in Helsinki was opened in April 2002 and sales got off to a flying start and were better than predicted.Spanish group Inditex owners of Zara have re ported a arising in profits of 14.6 percent, thanks to outstanding sales at its Zara chain. Sales for the three months ended 31 July rose net income at 144.7 million, up from 123.6 million last year. These figures from Zara show the type of sales and net income Gap must achieve for there franchise to be a success. Gap can go through at Zaras success at franchising and take on board how they have achieved there success.Sources,http//www.stockmann.fi/ door/english/news_releases/?year=2002&id=880709http//www.fashionunited.co.uk/news/inditex.htmAgain as with the franchising agreements the licensing agreements Gap have entered are relatively new and in the start up phase with the Safilo group. The products are set to be launched towards the end of 2007 and so figures on how successful they have been obviously cannot be researched.Evaluation.Gap inc. have or are soon pass to be using various growth strategies in order to try and increase sales and profits around the world. From my rese arch I have found that the first main strategy used by Gap was to open company owned stores in Europe. I found that this was a partly rotten decision. I found that Gap found entering into the European market very difficult finding it hard to please the customer and increase sales. As I said earlier Gaps intentions when opening stores in both France and the UK were positive however the share price does not suggest this.Both these markets can be potentially lucrative however in the following years the share price did not reflect this-it only increased minimally. Gap found both of these markets hard to enter, but there hardest task was the German market. Here poor product acceptance and poor sales lead to Gap closing operations in Germany and selling their stores to clothing rival H&M. This highlighted the problem for Gap in the European market and if sales continue the way they are at the indorsement drastic changes need to be put in place or operations in the UK and French market may also have to be closed down.Entering into foreign markets using company owned shops as Gap did, has positives and negatives, setting up can costs millions of pounds in start up costs buying land or having to buy retail shops in city centers can be very expensive. Research and development is also a major factor, because the company can not rely on treating every market as there own domestic market every country will have different tastes and fashions and will have a different view on how much they are willing to pay. Finding this out is crucial for the business to succeed. Even though there are negatives there are some positives all profits made in the new market go directly to the company it doesnt have to be shared, and also the companys risk is more spread out so that the company does not have to rely on only one market others can make up for one market doing poorly.From my research I can evaluate that the decision to go into the European market using company owned shops was a bad idea. either of the markets entered are struggling and Gap has already had to exit one of them. Using company owned shops has its advantages but I think that Gap has not benefited from these this could be for a number of reasons. Even though two of the markets entered are still operating I would predict that if sales do not increase then Gap would be forced into exiting these also.I believe that the franchising agreements set up with both groups in the Middle East is a positive move for Gap. I think the area knowledge that the groups will bring will help Gap succeed in this market were it failed in the European market. Using the Zara object lesson study I found that there previous franchises have been extremely successful and increased profits massively for the parent company Inditex. Gap needs to seriously consider how and why Zaras franchise agreements have worked and why they have been successful and then implement this into there own agreements. Gap and the franchisee gro ups could benefit from the agreements massively for a number of reasons, any risk for the business is taken away as someone else will be running the business.A lump sum is received for the franchise and more importantly high capital costs will not be needed because someone else would have to invest the money. This makes this a positive because there are less opportunity costs as less money would have to invested into selling abroad. This money could be used to strengthen the foothold in the companys domestic market as they cannot afford to neglect this whilst trying to expand. However there are also negatives of this strategy which Gap would have to consider mainly that Gap would not have any control over the franchised stores, the owner could tarnish the reputation of the company on a global scale through one action which would drastically affect the company. Gap would have to ensure the franchisee was the right person for the culture and ethics in the company and a partnership bu ilt on trust must be formed.Overall I think that franchising would be an excellent way of growing for Gap. I believe looking at at the success of Zara using this strategy that Gap will succeed in the Middle East with the franchised agreements. Gap must be careful however that the Al Tayer Group and F J Benjamin are the right groups to push the Gap brand globally.