Data & Access Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Data & Access Management - Essay Example How should the company react, if all? How can the company increase Information Technology transparency? The only problem about the question is that they are reactive and not proactive and therefore never curb the breach. Therefore, data access and management as presently constitute digs deep into asking questions as, what transpires inside a company’s firewall, and especially the connection between identity access management (IAM) and data security. The identity of a company users and the respective users’ scope permission followers immediately after the company starts to raise questions about whatever transpires inside the firewall. It is a common phenomenon to find inappropriate resource access permission in a number of the organization. The worse, however, is the lack of counteractive measures to thwart misuse. The reason is that employees are already trusted. Therefore, the employee has the access to the data centers and other assets inside the firewall. The majority of threats to data access and management, therefore, arise the notion of trusting everyone on the inside. Consequently, the organization suffers severely as a single misuse mistake may culminate into leaked intellectual property, lawsuits, regulatory probing, fines as well as audit failures. Therefore, the sole solution is to control the identity access through a systematic management despite being a complex task. The IAM is the high stake and therefore balancing act between senior management, IT, and Legal stakeholders. The management must understand that IT has implemented and is imposing rigorous IAM systems and protocols. The measures must integrate the stratification of privileges amongst the users and checks and balances on the approach IT itself uses passwords. Data access and management requires an effective framework that answers the question aforementioned. The Information Technology

Participation of Juveniles in Deviant Behavior Essay Example for Free

Participation of Juveniles in Deviant Behavior Essay From the very dawn of the formation of civil communities, some types of behavior had been classified as unlawful and had been discouraged. Even the earliest legislations had inflicted punishment for infringement of the extant laws, in wider interests of their society. This practice has continued to this day and it is common knowledge as to what does or does not constitute unacceptable or deviant behavior. Deviance has been described as the breach of the cultural standards and one such instance is crime. An important subset of crime is juvenile delinquency or crimes committed by juveniles. Juvenile deviant behavior occurs due to a number of causes and some of these are a disturbed home environment, difficulty in adjusting to the school environment that results in discontinuing school and in poor academic performance and associating with immoral persons. Traditionally, the perspective of criminology has been restricted to the contravention of laws laid down by society. On the other hand, research in the context of deviancy has adopted a much wider perspective and labels any abnormality that is socially prohibited as being deviant. Accordingly, the use of obscenities in speech, mingling with antisocial element and alcoholism constitute deviant behavior. In other words, the sociological approach to deviance encompasses the restricted perspective of traditional criminology (Deviant Behaviour , 1994). The various steps that culminate in the establishment of deviant identity are ignominy, social rejection, and membership of a subculture that is deviant and assumption of a deviant role. The assumption is that social processes act in such a manner that the individual is compelled to assume a deviant role, because of the exclusion of the more conventional positions. The result of the adoption of such a deviant role is that the individual may become a member of a deviant subculture and may eventually adorn the role of permanent deviancy (Deviant Behaviour , 1994). Some of the major causes for socially deviant behavior amongst juveniles have been identified, by researchers, as childhood abuse, neglect and trauma. The abuse of narcotic substances has been considered to be the root cause of trauma in juveniles and most of the juveniles in detention were either addicted to drugs or had been addicted to drugs prior to incarceration. Furthermore, poverty has been found to be closely associated with violent crime and homicide. It was observed in many ghettos in the US that the crime rate was on the increase wherever there was economic deprivation, whereas there was a reduction in crime rates in areas located outside these ghettos (Blank, 1997. P. 47). It had been opined by the chief of the child development and behavior branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development or the NIH that crime, pregnancy amongst teenagers, discontinuation of school and substandard academic performance were caused by the lack of adequate reading skills. Moreover, various research projects that had been conducted in the past, had established that a dearth of reading skills had a direct bearing on the proliferation of juvenile delinquency (Hodges, Giuliotti, Porpotage, 1994). In 1951, a survey conducted by Melvin Roman, revealed that approximately eighty  ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œ five percent of those who were receiving treatment in the clinic attached to the New York City Children’s Court, had impaired reading skills. It was also stated by many authorities that detained juveniles were invariably characterized by academic achievement that was unsatisfactory (Hodges, Giuliotti, Porpotage, 1994). Economic deprivation produces a variety of deviant behavior in juveniles, who fall victim to anger, apathy, ignorance and desperation. Ignorance prevents juveniles from taking advantage of the education system to obtain skills that could prove to be adequately remunerative and this in turn results in discontinuation of schooling. Moreover, some of these juveniles might have parents who indulge in the abuse of drugs and this could embolden them to undertake risks that could prove fatal, in order to experience pleasure for a small duration of time.

Defense Mechanisms Unruly Id and Neddy Essay example -- Essays Papers

Defense Mechanisms Unruly Id and Neddy The Swimmer The idea of the human mind being composed of both a conscious and unconscious has been around for quite some time. Not until Sigmund Freud elaborated on these structures though were the ideas so popular and accepted. Freud described our conscious mind as what we are aware of in any present situation including our thoughts, ideas and perceptions. Freud also introduced us to the idea of the preconscious mind, which is closely related to the conscious in that it holds thoughts and ideas that are easily available to be brought to the conscious. The most important aspect of the mind, as Freud would tell us, is that of the unconscious realm that holds information not readily available to us. It is proposed that much of the information in the unconscious is stored there because we cannot bear to think about it. Closely related to the conscious, preconscious and unconscious minds are structures Freud believes determine our behavior: the id, ego, and superego. When reading a piece o f literature the main focus is almost always on the characters. We try to understand their thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and drives. In The Swimmer, John Cheever forces us to ask ourselves what it is that compels Neddy to push himself beyond his limits and forget such critical aspects of his life. By analyzing Neddy’s id, ego, and superego, we begin to see a clearer picture of what drives his strange behavior. The id, located in the unconscious, is thought to be the primitive part of our psyche and the source of our motivations that drive us to fulfill our needs immediately. Freud believed that the id consisted of two parts: one driven by the life instinct, or pleasure principle, and the other driven by the death instinct. The life instinct promotes life of the individual and species by motivating him to eat and procreate. The death instinct refers to our desires to be still, at peace, and have no more needs. This instinct manifests itself by alcohol and drug abuse, getting lost in a book, craving sleep, or sometimes as seriously as suicide. Throughout the whole story of The Swimmer, we are constantly asking the question â€Å"why?† We first wonder why Neddy is pushing himself to the point of exhaustion while undertaking this journey, then we begin to wonder what it is that happened to Neddy and his family,... ...his family were probably too much for him to think about. This more than likely led to the unconscious repression of the event, person, or situation. The repression of these things into his unconscious is why he cannot recall anything relating to the situation. After first reading The Swimmer, I was confused as to why Neddy was behaving as he did. After applying Freud’s theories of different levels of consciousness and the id, ego and superego, we start to see a clearer picture of this disturbed individual. Neddy’s problems run far deeper than houses, money, or work related problems. His inability to cope with reality and its stressors is more troubling than any material possessions that he may be lacking. Neddy’s out of control id combined with his overwhelmed ego and resulting abuse of defense mechanisms seem to be at the route of his problem. Neddy’s ego has done a wonderful job of totally distorting his reality in an attempt to reduce stress. I think at at least one time in our lives we have all wanted to forget about some horrible, embarrassing, or troublesome event. The story of The Swimmer allows us ponder if this â€Å"easy way out† is really so easy after all.

Relationships Essay -- essays research papers

Whether it occurs in the home, at work, or many other places, human beings maintain relationships everywhere they go. People have different types of relationships. A person keeps a relationship with their mother, pastor, friend, and boss, but those relationships are all different. There are many different elements to analyze when discussing a relationship. Many factors are involved, such as amount of time spent, amount of intimacy, types of activities participated in, and dependability of the relationship.The first type of relationship a person typically has, are ones that are formed within a religious setting, such as a church, temple, or synagogue. The amount of time spent within this relationship varies depending on how much type an individual devotes to his or her religion. However, the amount of intimacy is usually very high, as one divulges most, if not all, of their personal problems and issues. The relationships formed within the religious setting is usually dependable in that one can rely of the people within the religious circle for advice and counsel, through the bond of a common faith. One participates in limited activities within this relationship, ones that are exclusive to activities that are in the religious setting, such as church bake sales and Sunday mass.Secondly, another type of a common relationship are formed within a club setting such as athletics and parties. The people one encounters in these types of settings may be very close to them, but only within the boundaries of a club. For example, two people on a football team may shed blood, sweat, and tears for each other, but not necessarily be the best of friends after the season. In sports, the time spent with each other is usually a lot, a couple of hours every day at the very least. The amount of intimacy shared within athletics is not always abundant. The information shared between usually shared between teammates stays within the boundaries of the particular sport in which they are participating. Likewise, dependability is not required for purposes other than those related to athletics. For example, a football player can depend on his teammates to block for him in the game, but not to pay off his mortgage. Activities shared with teammates are most often limited to athletic practices, games, and gatherings related to the particular sport.In comparison to athletics, party fri... ...huge factor. Nobody knows and cares for a person better than their family. Likewise, when someone is trouble or needs some advice, the family is usually the most dependable people to go to. One's family will help them get through mostly everything. From monetary problems to marital problems, one's family will always be there for a shoulder to lean on. Activities shared within a family are just about anything that is family-related, like a nightly dinner or family reunions.Throughout one's life, many types of relationships are developed, each with their own guidelines and elements. It is impossible for a person to go through life withouthaving at least one type of relationship. Even hermits like the Unabomber had relationships here and there. He had teachers, family, friends, and co-workers, just like the rest of the population. Whether it occurs at someone's workplace, church, school, or in their home, people maintain relationships wherever they go. Just as there are many factors involved, such as amount of time spent, intimacy, types of activities, and dependability of the relationship, all different types of relationships are a necessity for one to live a normal, healthy life.

Martha Stewart: Organization Ethics of Insider Trading

On December 27, 2001, Martha Stewart made a decision that changed her life, and the decision jeopardized the livelihood of her stakeholders. Ms. Stewart received a call from her stockbroker’s assistant letting her know that Dr. Samuel Waksal was trying to sell his holdings in ImClone. Dr. Waksal was the chief executive officer and founder of ImClone, and he had just received notice from the Food and Drug Administration that the drug Erbitux did not receive approval to be used as a cancer drug. Stock in ImClone was at a high due to expectations of Erbitux getting approval, and once the news of it not getting it reached the public, Dr.  Waksal knew that the price of its stock was going to decline. (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2009, p. 814) This is an example of insider trading. â€Å"Anytime a company executive or employee buys or sells stock in the company that person works for, an inside trade has occurred. † (Newkirk, 1998) In this essay I will explore who the ‘insiders’ were that knew that the stock was in danger, and the people who did not know. I will examine how Martha Stewart’s decision affected her company, Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, and what she could have done differently. The concept of insider trading is when a person has knowledge, positive or negative, that can impact a company’s stock price and a trade is made based on that knowledge. Insider trading is illegal. Martha Stewart â€Å"acted on inside information when she sold 3,928 shares in biotechnology company ImClone Systems†. (White, 2006) The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the federal agency that has the responsibility of regulating stock trading in the United States, alleged in its case against Ms. Stewart that she received an illegal tip from her broker Peter Bacanovic. The tip was that Dr.  Waksal and his family members were selling their shares of ImClone stock. Bacanovic was the broker for Dr. Waksal and for Ms. Stewart. (White, 2006) When insider trading takes place, there is a select group of privileged people who have information about the stock’s possible rise or fall. In the case of ImClone, Dr. Waksal let certain individuals, his father, his daughter and his broker’s assistant, know that a change was about to take place with ImCone stock by attempting to sell his shares. These are the people that the investigation revealed did ImClone stock trading on the day before the news become public. Martha Stewart found out about the news when Bacanovic’s assistant, Douglas Faneuil, notified her that Dr. Waksal was selling his holdings. (Hurtado, 2004) Each person who sold their holding in ImClone on December 27, 2001 with knowledge of the possible decline participated in insider trading. The other individuals that owned holdings in ImClone were not privileged to that information, they did not have an inside advantage. The two parties who knew ImClone’s stock was going down and the people who did not know have several things in common. They all felt that ImClone’s stock was a good investment and they were all about to loose money once the FDA’s decision was made public. The difference between the two parties is one had a closer connection to the executives of ImClone and the other did not. High level employees of an organization are privileged to insider information. The spouses, friends, bankers and lawyers are connected to individuals who have â€Å"awareness of material information that’s not publicly available† to everyone. (Clark, 2009) Martha Stewart and Dr. Waksal were close friends at the time of the ImClone scandal. This allowed her to have an inside advantage. When Dr. Waksal received the news that the FDA was not going to accept Erbitux’s application for approval, he had an ethical dilemma. He knew that he could not control what was about to happen to ImClone, but he wanted to â€Å"minimize his losses, and maybe the losses of some family members and close friends†. (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2009, p. 814) Dr Waksal; his father, Jack; his daughter Aliza; and a number of close friends had significant investments in ImClone†¦Of course, elling his stock and advising his father, daughter, and friends to sell their stock would reduce their loses†¦ Dr. Waksal was faced with a tough decision. On one hand, he could refrain from engaging in questionable trading practice and thereby incur a significant amount of losses in his investment. On the other hand, he could choose to sell his stock based on the information he received, reducing his investment losses, but violating the law and ethics of fair trade. (Carroll & Buchhlotz, 2009, p. 814) Dr. Waksal influenced each person he told about the FDA’s decision and each person who knew he was trying to sell his holdings. When the head of an organization decides to sell his/her holdings in the organization, knowledge of this greatly influences others to do the same. Once Martha Stewart became aware of the possible decline in ImClone stock, she had a decision to make too. Her decision was whether to do nothing or to sell her stock. The decision she made affected more people than just herself. It affected every stakeholder she was associated with at that time. This included her employees at Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia (MSO), customers and competitors of MSO products, the Kmart Corporation, CBS’s â€Å"The Early Show† where Ms.  Stewart was a style contributor, and other business leaders and the public. Employees of MSO were left wondering if their jobs were in jeopardy, customers and competitors of MSO did not know the fate of the company, Kmart’s revenues suffered, Ms. Stewart was no longer needed at CBS, and the public was left with mixed views. The ethical thing that Ms. Stewart should have done that would have spared her company’s reputation and prevented the public scrutiny that each company and person close to her had to endure would have been to not act on the tip she received about ImClone’s stock. The company’s reputation would have been saved and Ms. Stewart would have saved money. She avoided a loss of $47,673 by selling her stock in ImClone before the news of the FDA’s decision was made public. (White, 2006). â€Å"The cost to her of selling that stock, factoring in penalties, restitution, and legal cost has been estimated to be about $300 to $400 million. Furthermore, had she held on to her shares of ImClone rather than selling them, she would have made a nice profit†. (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2009, p. 17) In February 2004, after a new clinical trial and refilling by ImClone’s partner, the FDA approved the use of Erbitux for colon cancer and the price of its stock soared again. (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2009, p. 816) Dr. Waksal’s punishment for his actions was the maximum sentence of seven years in prison and he was asked to leave his position at Stanford University, the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Tufts University School of Medicine and Mount Sinai School of Medicine. He also lost his position of CEO with ImClone and he had to pay a fine to the SEC. His plea agreement with the government and his admittance that â€Å"he tipped undisclosed individuals to dump their stock before the FDA decision was made public† spared his father and daughter from facing charges. (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2009, p. 815-816) Dr. Waksal’s and Martha Stewart’s stockbroker, Peter Bacanovic, was sentenced to five months in prison, five months of house arrest, and fined $4,000. Bacanovic’s assistant, Douglas Faneuil was fined $2,000. (Hurtado, 2004) The original investigation of Martha Stewart was for insider trading, but she was not indicted for insider trading. A spokesperson for Ms. Stewart denied the allegations and insisted that Ms. Stewart had a prearranged agreement with her broker, Mr. Bacanovic, to sell ImClone stock if it fell below $60†¦Her assistant broker, Mr. Douglas Faneuil, however, claimed that such an agreement never existed and that Ms. Stewart sold her four thousand shares of ImClone after she learned that Dr. Waksal and other family members had dumped their stock. (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2009, p. 815) Ms. Stewart was indicted on nine federal counts. The nine-count indictment alleged that Stewart altered evidence that she traded on inside information about the biotech company ImCone Systems, conspired with her stockbroker to lie to federal officials investigating the trade, and defrauded shareholders in her company, Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, by misleading them about why she had sold the stock†. (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2009, p. 815) Martha Stewart was found â€Å"guilty on four counts: obstruction of justice, conspiracy, and two counts of making false statements†. (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2009, p. 816) Ms.  Stewart’s punishment for her crime was five months in prison, five months in home confinement, and two years of probation. The fines she had to pay included $30,000, and $195,00 that included the $47,673 she saved by selling her shares in ImClone plus $137,019 in penalties that represent three times the loss avoided amount. (White, 2006) â€Å"In addition to the fine, Ms Stewart agreed to a five-year ban on serving as a director of a public company and to limitations during those five years on the extent of her service as an officer or employee of a public company†. (White, 2006) Ms. Stewart resigned as CEO and chairman of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia on the same day she was indicted, but remained on the company's board. She also â€Å"resigned her position as board member for Revlon and the New York Stock Exchange. † (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2009. p. 816) Some think Ms. Stewart was justly tried and convicted, while others think she was a scapegoat for larger corporate scandals. My opinion is that the punishment given to Ms. Stewart was fair. The maximum amount of time the crime she was convicted for can be unto 20 years in prison. (Hoffman, 2007) Regardless of whom you are, consequences should follow when the law is broken. Martha Stewart broke the law in a minimal way, so her punishment fits the crime. When shareholders invest in a corporation, they do so to make a profit. The money they invest is used in several ways by the corporation. It is used for product research and development, improvements, overseas expansion, and to keep the company afloat in tough times. If the company is not successful, the investors loose money. If the company is a success, the investors are rewarded with higher values of their stock shares in the company. (Clark, 2006) Martha Stewart’s action brought an initial loss for her investors. Advertising sales plunged at MSO’s magazine when the incident began. â€Å"MSO stock plummeted by 60 percent after the charges were made public†. (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2009, p. 815) However, â€Å"when Ms. Stewart received the minimum sentence, the stock price of her company rose by 37 percent†. (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2009, p. 816) Before the ImClone scandal in 2001, Martha Stewart’s products were sold in Kmart and she was the CEO of MSO. During the ordeal, her magazine Martha Stewart Living loss advertising sponsors and pictures of Ms. Stewart were removed from the magazine. Less than three years after she got out of prison, the magazine showed an increase in advertising pages, pictures of Ms. Stewart are back in the magazine, she has a channel on Sirius satellite radio, she has a new magazine called Blueprint for younger people, and she has a line of homes with KB Homes. â€Å"In 2006, she published Martha Stewart’s Home-keeping Handbook, a 744-page guide to all things domestic†. (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2009, p. 817) As of today, MSO is a thriving organization. Martha Stewart has a line of products at The Home Depot, PetSmart and Macy’s, along with The Martha Stewart Show on the Hallmark Channel. The company reported $49. 7 million for its third quarter earnings in 2010. (â€Å"Martha Stewart,† 2010) Prior to the ImClone scandal, Martha Stewart owned a magazine, her products were in Kmart and she worked for â€Å"The Early Show†; after coming out of prison, she still owns the magazine, her products are with more prominent companies, she has her own show on television and her organization is still making profits. The relationship she had with her stockholders may have suffered during the scandal, but today the relationship is mended. Ethical and public issues must be considered in a stockholder relationship. Decisions made by executives can have enormous effects on a company which can then cause negative and/or positive changes in a stockholder’s shares depending on how the public receives a brand or corporation once it has gone through a scandal. Loyalty to the Martha Stewart brand has helped the company to endure through the storm of the scandal. (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2009, p. 816) Shareholders should be considered when decisions are made that are unethical or that could be harmful to the company’s public image.

Sapporo beer Essays

Sapporo beer Essays Sapporo beer Paper Sapporo beer Paper Target market Japans Sapporo Holdings said on Thursday it would enter the Vietnamese market by taking a 65 percent stake in a beer Joint venture with Vietnam National Tobacco Corp to tap its fast-growing market. It marks the first major overseas expansion in three years by Sapporo, the smallest of Japans four major brewers, as bigger rivals Kirin and Suntory have been aggressively snapping up overseas businesses to grow beyond a shrinking domestic market. Nietnam is Asias third-largest beer market after China and Japan and this is a fast- rowing market, said Tatsuya Komatsu, a Sapporo spokesman. The company will acquire a 50 percent stake in the venture from Danish brewer Carlsberg and 15 percent from Vietnam National Tobacco for a total of $25. 4 million. The Joint venture will build a beer factory in Vietnam and is scheduled to startselling Sapporo brand beer in early 2012, it said in a statement. The venture aims for sales in 2019 of 1 50,000 kilolitres or $128 million. Sapporo said it will actively seek further acquisition opportunities to enlarge itsoverseas business, which now accounts for less than 10 ercent of its revenues. Sapporo, the maker of Yebisu brand beer, acquired Canadian brewer Sleeman in 2006 for 30 billion yen ($340 million), but has been overshadowed by Kirin and Suntory in overseas expansion. Kirin has spent $1. 5 billion in the past two years to buy Australias National Foods and Dairy Farmers and $2. 8 billion to take full ownership of Australias No. 2 beer maker Lion Nathan. It also acquired a 49 percent stake in the Philippines San Miguel Brewery for $1. 4 billion. Asahi Breweries, locked in a fierce battle with Kirin for No. lot in Japans beer market, said recently it could spend up to 400 billion yen ($4. 6 billion) on acquisitions over the next few years, with an eye on Asian markets. The Japanese brewers have been scrambling to diversify their products and geographic reach to reduce their reliance on the domestic beer market, which has lost 15 percent in volume in the past decade as the economy sputters and the population shrinks. HA NOI † The Japanese beer maker Sapporo Hold ings plans to enter the domestic market from early 2012 through he purchase of a majority stake in Kronenbourg Viet Nam Ltd. Sapporo Holdings said it would buy a 65 per cent stake for about IJS$23 million in Kronenbourg Viet Nam, which is equally owned by Carlsberg Brewery AIS and the Viet Nam National Tobacco Corp (Vinataba). After the deal closes, which is due in January next year, a Joint venture betweenSapporo Holdings and Vinataba will be set up with the latter holding 35 per cent of the Joint ventures stake. At that time, Kronenbourg Viet Nam will change its name into Sapporo Viet Nam Ltd. Sapporo said the Joint venture would egin construction on a new plant on the outskirts of HCM City. The plant is scheduled to begin operations from 2012. Sapporo expects to earn a turnover of roughly $115 million within a decade from the Vietnamese market, with a predicted annual growth rate of more than 10 per cent for years to come. The Joint venture has targeted a market share of roughly 3 per cent in Viet Nam by 2019. Sapporo also has plans to export beer produced in Japan to Viet Nam. The Japanese offset declining beer sales in Japan due to a shrinking population and a gloomy economic outlook. ?† VNS In 2010 , Sapporo has arrived in Vietnam and established Sapporo Vietnam Co. ( a Joint venture between Tobacco Corporation Vietnam ( VINATABA ) and JSC Sapporo Holdings Ltd. or a total contribution from Japan 71 % ) . 1 1/ 2011, the Sapporo Factory in Long An Vietnam was officially put into operation . The plant has production capacity of 40 million liters / year , but to meet the goal of becoming a major production base for Southeast Asian beer market capacity will be increased gradually over the period 2015 to reach 100 milli on liters / year and in 2019 ill reach 150 million liters / year . 4/2012 , Sapporo official launch sales activities . Sapporo time in more than 4,000 retail stores , restaurants , hotels, mainly in Vietnam . Sapporo has now launched 4 product lines premium beer : Sapporo Premium Beer Bottle 330 ml , 330 ml cans of beer Sapporo Premium , Sapporo Premium Beer 650 ml silver cans and beer Sapporo Premium 20L . In particular , products Can Silver ( silver cans ) is a typical representative of elegance and luxury of Sapporo Premium Beer . This product has a higher alcohol content than other types a it , with a large capacity and a unique design that Sapporo beer can only be Sapporo is the only beer company in the world combined study of barley and hops to produce a formula to create the most perfect beer . Based on these studies , the Sapporo today have developed a new barley varieties better and Vietnam Sapporo Factory is also used . When the Vietnam market , to be able to produce beers with similar quality beers produced in Japan and in accordance with consumer tastes here , Sapporo choose the most appropriate type of yeast in 1000 different yeast pecies from the research Center of Sapporo in Japan . After Japan and Canada , Vietnam is the place where Sapporo beer factory and expect this will become the manufacturing center of the Southeast Asian market . Because Vietnam is the third largest beer market in Asia , the turnover of 3 billion liters of beer in 2020 and expected to double . Sapporo Vietnam not only passionate creative challenges overcome and the framework of the usual practice , but also to share the moments of happiness and Joy winning hand. Thats why Sapporo Premium market presence in Vietnam as a premium beer brand .

Minors in Prison essays

Minors in Prison essays Imagine the daily life of a convict in prison. Every day, eating meals the quality of airline food. Think about the disgusting rapist sleeping in the bunk above you. Imagine watching other inmates as they are beaten and harassed as you huddle in the corner of your cell to avoid them. Now imagine this life for a teenager. It is hardly appropriate for someone so young to be exposed to a lifestyle like that. Juveniles should not be tried in courts as those of adult age are. Our society recognizes teenagers as adults once they turn eighteen. Until then, adult privileges such as smoking and voting are restricted. If teenagers are excluded from the privileges of adulthood, why should they be punished in the same manner as adults? Juveniles often find themselves controlled by hormones. In a matter of minutes, a simple argument can become a deadly shooting. The guilty teenager is reduced to a mass of devastation and shock. Then this criminal juvenile becomes a victim to the severe standards of adult courts. This teen then spends the next twenty years of their life in a prison, still pondering over the day that changed their life. The truth of the matter is that teenagers are controlled by a young and active rage. If a juvenile actually does sit at home and plot a murder out, then they need mental assistance not a prison life. When teenagers are actually taken to prison, most of them are put into cells along with adult convicts. According to the Bureau of Justice Assistance, only 13 percent of 148 surveyed prisons reported holding a separate area for juvenile felons. The fourteen-year-old boy who was mixed up in a gang shootout is placed in the same cell as the thirty-year-old man with fifteen accounts of rape on his record. In these adult prisons, teenagers are abused. According to Bureau of Justice statistics, more than 21 percent of convicts under the age of 24 say they were hit at least once while in prison. ...

Free Essays on Salvation In Unexpected Ways

Salvation in Unexpected Ways Three novels that stand out because of their main character’s contributions to others are â€Å"The Color Purple† by Alice Walker, â€Å"One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest† by Ken Kesey, and â€Å"Sula† by Toni Morrison. The main characters Celie, R.P. McMurphy, and Sula, each contribute something different to important people in their lives in the novels which they appear. Although they play very different roles, Celie, McMurphy, and Sula are viewed as heroes. R.P. McMurphy inspires the men in the mental ward to become stronger emotionally; Sula inspires the people of her town to think differently, while Celie physically protects her sister from abuse. In â€Å"One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest† by Ken Kesey, Randle Patrick McMurphy helps the men in the ward to overcome their fear of the world they live in. One morning, as the men in the ward are eating, McMurphy is laughing and talking throughout the entire breakfast. Chief Bromden says, â€Å"He’s being the clown, working at getting some of the guys to laugh† (Kesey 98). The other men on the ward are anguished and have not been in contact with someone who is trying to lift their spirits. McMurphy talks to the men as if they are not in an institution at all, but rather like they are normal people. Through McMurphy’s communication with the men, they begin to realize that there is hope for them in the outside world and they begin to recuperate emotionally. In the novel â€Å"Sula† by Toni Morrison, the main character Sula’s illicit behavior and attitudes toward men cause the women of the community to love their husbands more. Sula sleeps with the women’s husbands and has no regard for them, basically using them for sex and leaving them. Because of Sula’s promiscuity the women begin to think differently, â€Å"So the women, to justif... Free Essays on Salvation In Unexpected Ways Free Essays on Salvation In Unexpected Ways Salvation in Unexpected Ways Three novels that stand out because of their main character’s contributions to others are â€Å"The Color Purple† by Alice Walker, â€Å"One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest† by Ken Kesey, and â€Å"Sula† by Toni Morrison. The main characters Celie, R.P. McMurphy, and Sula, each contribute something different to important people in their lives in the novels which they appear. Although they play very different roles, Celie, McMurphy, and Sula are viewed as heroes. R.P. McMurphy inspires the men in the mental ward to become stronger emotionally; Sula inspires the people of her town to think differently, while Celie physically protects her sister from abuse. In â€Å"One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest† by Ken Kesey, Randle Patrick McMurphy helps the men in the ward to overcome their fear of the world they live in. One morning, as the men in the ward are eating, McMurphy is laughing and talking throughout the entire breakfast. Chief Bromden says, â€Å"He’s being the clown, working at getting some of the guys to laugh† (Kesey 98). The other men on the ward are anguished and have not been in contact with someone who is trying to lift their spirits. McMurphy talks to the men as if they are not in an institution at all, but rather like they are normal people. Through McMurphy’s communication with the men, they begin to realize that there is hope for them in the outside world and they begin to recuperate emotionally. In the novel â€Å"Sula† by Toni Morrison, the main character Sula’s illicit behavior and attitudes toward men cause the women of the community to love their husbands more. Sula sleeps with the women’s husbands and has no regard for them, basically using them for sex and leaving them. Because of Sula’s promiscuity the women begin to think differently, â€Å"So the women, to justif...

David Wu, Oregan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

David Wu, Oregan - Research Paper Example He served in the post of a clerk for the federal judge and was a co-founder member of a legal firm called Cohen and Wu which basically served in the high – tech sector in the â€Å"Silicon Forest† of Oregon. Like any other member of the house, Wu is also typical in many aspects. Wu did not belong to a political family like many of them and is himself a first generation politician. Wu also showed his interest in political activities from his early age and for it, much of his professional and personal life was disturbed. Like most of the members of house, Wu is also affluent and socially established. He is well educated and holds a degree in Law and well versed with it as a professional like most of the members. Wu is aged 55 and the average age of the representatives of the American house is 57. Very common to the religious faith prevailing amid the representatives, Wu is a Presbyterian in his religious faith. The atypical feature of Wu is his ethnicity that of being an Asian American. To this regard, his faith and belief is also a bit different and he was the first Taiwanese America to get the membership of Congress. Wu unlike most of the other members is not affluent economically to a considerable extent but is quite reputed socially and holds a good command over the legal matters. Wu received his first seat in the House of Representative in the year of 1998. He became the successor of the Democrat Elizabeth Furse. Wu began his career after starting to serve the country with the 106th Congress in the year of 1999. Wu started gaining popularity with time and was re-elected in the year 2000 by defeating the state senator Charles Star during the elections held in the month of the November that year. Wu received 58% of the vote and Star receiving only rest 39% of it. The political career of Wu gradually got the glorification when he won the election again in the year 2004 defeating the

Short Stories versus Repression of Desires and Love Research Paper

Short Stories versus Repression of Desires and Love - Research Paper Example Sylvia’s coming to the city has been of great help to the grandmother since she (Sylvia) has been very significant in assisting with the duty chores. In this short story, Jewett attempts to establish the understanding of love as well as repression of desires. After coming to the city, Sylvia has fallen in love with virtually everything and her new (Jewett 4). She loves and values every aspect of the city. Sylvia’s love for the animals and birds in the city prevents her from telling the hunter where the heron’s nest is located until she is given money and a gift of the knife. Keeping the secret of the heron’s nest brings out the idea of repressing the desire of whether to tell the hunter or not. On a different perspective, the hunter is in love with his activity as well as the heron. After discovering that there was a heron (rare bird) seen in the area, the hunter sets out to find it (Jewett 9). His desire or love for the heron makes him bribe Sylvia with a knife and money so that he can be shown the heron’s nest. This short story revolves around the life of Mrs. Hutchinson, a normal housewife, and the annually contested lottery. In this short story, there is a lottery that people participate to win on an annual basis. People participate in the lottery despite the fact that its price is not money but being stoned to death. Amazingly, people still anticipate the lottery irrespective of the end result. Mrs. Hutchinson knows this very well but she could not have fathomed the idea that one day she might be the winner of the lottery. One day, Mrs. Hutchinson’s family was chosen as the winner of the lottery. All these times, Mrs. Hutchinson did not question the lottery until it reached her turn to be stoned to death. Like many other short stories, The Lottery by Shirley Jackson attempts to establish the love and desires that particular individuals have towards specific aspects of life.

Critically analyse the concept of fair and equitable treatment in Essay - 1

Critically analyse the concept of fair and equitable treatment in investment treaties, taking into account recent investment - Essay Example CMS Gas Transmission Company v. Republic of Argentina, Violation of FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/8 (Adopted May 25 2005). Eureko B.V. v. Republic of Poland Eureko B.V. v. Republic of Poland, violation of FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/17, (Adopted August 19 2005). Jan de Nul N.V. and Dredging International N.V. v. Arab Republic of Egypt, violation of FET principles, ICSID Case No. ARB/04/13) (Decision on Jurisdiction, June 16, 2006). LG&E Energy Corp., LG&E Capital Corp., LG&E International Inc. v. Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/. 02/1, Emphasis on the obligation of transparency (Decision on Liability, Oct 3, 2006). Loewen Group, Inc. and Raymond L. Loewen v. United States of America, violation of FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ARB (AF)/98/3, (Awarded on Award of June 26, 2003). Metalpar S.A. and Buen Aire S.A. v. Republic of Argentina, violation of FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/5, (Awarded on April 27, 2006). MTD Equity Sdn. Bhd. and MTD Chile S.A. v. Republic of Chile, violation of FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ARB/07/27, (Awarded on Mar 21, 2007). Parkerings-Compagniet AS v. Republic of Lithuania, violation of FET provisions, ICSID Arbitration Case No. ARB/05/8, (Awarded on September 11, 2007). PSEG Global Inc. and Konya Ilgin Elektrik Uretim v. Ticaret Limited Sirketi v. Republic of Turkey, obligation on transparency on FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ... v. United Mexican States, rule of law under FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ARB (AF)/00/3, (Awarded on June 2, 2007). NAFTA –UNCITRAL Cases Alex Genin, Eastern Credit Limited, Inc. and A.S. Baltoil v. Republic of Estonia, violation of FET provisions, Case No. ARB/99/2, (Awarded on June 25, 2001). S.D. Myers, Inc. v. The Government of Canada, Chapter 11-NAFTA ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL/ UNCITRAL RULES, (Awarded on November 26, 2002). UNCITRAL (UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW GAMI Investments, Inc. v. The United Mexican States, UNCITRAL, (Final Award November 12, 2004). International Thunderbird Gaming Corporation v The United Mexican States, violation of FET principles ,UNICITRAL ( NAFTA), ( Final Award January 26,2006). Occidental Exploration and Production Co. v. Republic of Ecuador, violation of FET provisions, UN 3467, (Final Award July 1, 2004). Pope & Talbot v. Canada, violation of FET provisions, UNCITRAL (NAFTA) (Award on Merits of Phase 2 of April 10, 2001). Ronald S. Lauder v. Czech Republic, violation of FET provisions, UNCITRAL, (Final Award of 3 September 2001). Saluka Investments BV v. The Czech Republic, violation of FET Provisions, UNCITRAL Rules; IIC 211 (2006); 4P 116/2006 (Award on September 7, 2006). INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ) Elettronica Sicula S.p.A. (ELSI) (US v. Italy), violation of FET provisions, ICJ Rep.15, 94-95, 28, ILM 1109 (1989), (Final Award n July 20, 1989). List of Treaties and Conventions â€Å"Convention on the Protection of Foreign Property of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).† (Adopted 1995 entered into force 1997). â€Å"North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)† (Entered in to force from 1 January 1994). Abs /Shawcross Draft of 1967 (adopted 1959 entered into

European law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European law - Essay Example refers a question of EC law to the European Court of Justice (ECJ) for a preliminary ruling so as to enable the national court, on receiving that ruling, to decide the case before it. Questions of EC law will arise in cases before the courts of different Member States. The function of the preliminary reference procedure is to ensure uniform interpretation and validity of EC law across all the Member States.† It also said that the procedure is laid down in Article 234 EC: ‘Where such a question is raised before any court or tribunal of a Member State, that court may, if it considers that a decision on the question is necessary to enable it to give judgment, require the Court of Justice to give a ruling thereon.’ (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. 2005) On the other hand, preliminary ruling is defined as: ‘a special type of action before the ECJ by which national courts ask the ECJ to interpret EU law or to decide on validity and direct effect of EU acts; ECJ ruling is binding and not subject to appeal.’ (GLOSSARY OF EUROPEAN UNION COMMONLY USED TERMS, no date) The reference procedure, therefore, is a creation of the treaty makers who are the member states themselves. The fact that ECJ ruling would be binding and not subject to appeal as a result of the reference is itself a conferment of a strong power to the ECJ. To say therefore that the reference procedure has made the ECJ more than how it should function is to imply attribution of more powers than it was originally conferred under the treaty. (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 2005) Alter said that ECJ started as fairly weak international tribunal from many of the problems faced by international courts. The court then, according to her, lacked cases to adjudicate and since no enforcement was in place, its decisions were not taken seriously. The author further said that the ECJ created a base of political leverage for

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 10

Abortion - Essay Example According to Rank’s Persuasion Mode, the persuaders on the two position take the schemas of intensify and downplay. (Hitchcock, David, and Bart, 15) In the January, 20, 2014 article written by Jeremy W. Peters, though the headline of the paper suggests that â€Å"Both sides of the abortion issue expressed their views at the last year’s March for Life in Washington†, the emphasis has been laid on Pro Life. The expression presented is that â€Å"there will be a demonstration of the annual anti-abortion, and should the demonstrators need a lift after the demonstration, then they may hope on the free shuttle that would be provided by the republican. From these preceding connotation my The New York Time columnist, clearly, it would be said that the writer is using intensify. Emphasis is created in how supporters of the abortion are not just getting support from significant party like Republican, but also with the benefits presented. In the subsequent paragraph, the writer makes statements that create intensity in the weaknesses of the position presented by Jill Cowan of Los Angeles Times. According to the commentary by Jill Cowan, the column is presented with the Headline: â€Å"State allows Hoag Hospital to refuse elective abortion†. Jill notes that Hoag Hospital had successfully managed to impose the ban on abortion considering that they had made a partnership with the Catholic healthcare providers, and considering that they must also appreciate the demands of the State, they will have no option but to refer their clients to other places where they can get abortion services. In relation to what was presented by The New York Times, it sounds clear that the Los Angeles Times is presenting some issue which evidently does not appreciate the health of the mother. New York Time has tried to intensify the weakness of the position taken by Los Angeles Times in this case. According to the theory of Rank’ s Model, the

European law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European law - Essay Example refers a question of EC law to the European Court of Justice (ECJ) for a preliminary ruling so as to enable the national court, on receiving that ruling, to decide the case before it. Questions of EC law will arise in cases before the courts of different Member States. The function of the preliminary reference procedure is to ensure uniform interpretation and validity of EC law across all the Member States.† It also said that the procedure is laid down in Article 234 EC: ‘Where such a question is raised before any court or tribunal of a Member State, that court may, if it considers that a decision on the question is necessary to enable it to give judgment, require the Court of Justice to give a ruling thereon.’ (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. 2005) On the other hand, preliminary ruling is defined as: ‘a special type of action before the ECJ by which national courts ask the ECJ to interpret EU law or to decide on validity and direct effect of EU acts; ECJ ruling is binding and not subject to appeal.’ (GLOSSARY OF EUROPEAN UNION COMMONLY USED TERMS, no date) The reference procedure, therefore, is a creation of the treaty makers who are the member states themselves. The fact that ECJ ruling would be binding and not subject to appeal as a result of the reference is itself a conferment of a strong power to the ECJ. To say therefore that the reference procedure has made the ECJ more than how it should function is to imply attribution of more powers than it was originally conferred under the treaty. (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 2005) Alter said that ECJ started as fairly weak international tribunal from many of the problems faced by international courts. The court then, according to her, lacked cases to adjudicate and since no enforcement was in place, its decisions were not taken seriously. The author further said that the ECJ created a base of political leverage for

Wk 5d2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wk 5d2 - Essay Example otocols on the wide area network (WAN) routers, then border routers and firewall devices, trailed by routers in data-centers and in last the desktop accessing routers. As most of internet is transitioned to IPv6 the network engineers may require to deploy dual-stack enabled switches on edges earlier. Though it is quite difficult for private networks to transition from IPv4 networks that easy but the growth and evolution of the over the Internet would urge organizations to move towards this transition. If it is than why not right now? IPv6 has its advantages that are making it better than IPv4. But still without the knowledge of technology and proper study it will be a quite difficult task. Things that are causing adoption of IPv6 so long is that it is not commonly not compatible with IPv4 networks. To make this transition possible number of transition technologies with tunneling facility are used to provide cross network compatibility. Two of those facilitating technologies are 6to4 and Teredo. While both of these technologies works in different ways, the simple idea is behind is that they encapsulate packets of IPv6 network inside the packets of IPv4 network. Beside the flow of the traffic the endpoints of the tunnel are required to extract and encapsulate the IPv6

Fukushima Earthquake And Tsunami 2011 Essay Example for Free

Fukushima Earthquake And Tsunami 2011 Essay In March 2011, Japan was struck by a magnitude 9.0 earthquake and a following tsunami. Authorities concluded that the earthquake was the cause of the Pacific plate releasing the friction built up after years converged under the North American plate (as shown in figure 3) along the fault line that lies kilometres away from Japan’s coastline. (Urbano, 2011)This caused the friction to spread through the ground-and what was originally said to be a magnitude 6.6 earthquake through the evaluation of incomprehensive readings from seismometers- shook Japan for over five minutes. The resulting tsunami was triggered by the explosive energy released by the earthquake. However, its damage was minimized by 10m high sea walls and the modeling of buildings along the coast, which had applied various scientific techniques to reduce impact from waves on actual buildings. Macintosh HD:Users:160161:Desktop:Unknown-1.jpeg Earthquakes are a very significant problem around the globe and can cause havoc through towns. The Japan earthquake and following tsunami resulted in 20000 deaths and caused the destruction of entire towns and many coastal areas of the country- the most notably being the TÅhoku region in Honshu. (Pletcher, 2013) A large percentage of the damage and lives lost could have been avoided if sciences techniques in detecting earthquakes- such as seismometers- would have alerted authorities in advance rather than minutes before the earthquake struck, as well as conveyed more accurate readings. Around the globe scientists and organisations have attempted to develop method of detecting earthquakes so that maximum damage can be prevented. Currently, around the globe seismometers, sea walls and building modeling are used to detect earthquakes through the readings of seismic waves. This scientific solution has potential to minimise damage from earthquakes and tsunamis around the globe if implemented correctly and its negatives minimized. The Application of Science To Detect Earthquakes and Consequently Prevent Damage-Seismometers Earthquakes can be detected by measuring the frequency of the seismic waves in a particular area using a scientific device such as a seismometer. Seismic waves are circular waves (see figure 4) created by the back and forth movement that occurs when an earthquake shakes the ground, thus releasing waves. A magnitude 8 or 9 earthquake- like the one in Japan 2011, are caused due to the faster and rapider movement of the ground. This releases a higher frequency of seismic waves that can be detected by scientific instruments like a seismometer-just as they were during the Fukushima earthquake. The science behind the implementation of seismometers in earthquake prone areas such as Japan is that they use the basic principal of inertia to detect seismic waves in the earth’s surface. They consist of a ground motion detection sensor and a recording system. In a simple seismometer’s detection system, a weight and a spring are suspended from a frame that moves along with the earth’s surface. As the earth moves, the relative motion between the weight and the earth, which is caused by seismic waves is measured by the recording system which consists of a rotating drum attached to the frame, (as shown in diagram 1) and a pen attached to the mass. This pencil moves along with the weight and the spring, leaving lines along the drum, which can be interpreted into determining the frequency of seismic waves and the magnitude of the coming earthquake by authorities.(Braile, 2000)Modern seismometers are electronic, and instead of using a pen and drum, the seismic activity generates an electrical voltage that is recorded by a computer. The reason why Japanese authorities and other nations around the world choose this science to help detect earthquakes is because it allows them to determine before hand when an earthquake is going to happen. Seismographs gather information over a long period of time and the patterns in the seismic wave frequency are easily analyzable. Seismometers were implemented in Japan’s coastline by local authorities with readings going to computers where the data from seismic waves was analyzed. This brought to the early conclusions that the earthquake was a magnitude 6.6 and later upgraded to 9.0 from further readings showing an increase in movement within the ground. Seismometers also bring a change in scientific research about certain regions and their risk to earthquakes, as it allows for research to be collected at various points before, during and after an earthquake, so that warnings can be sent out in advance next time or before an aftershock. (Dea, 2003) The Effectiveness of Detection/Damage Prevention Techniques Used In Japan Seismometers- Science’s solution to the problem-can be used to detect earthquakes and their location so that maximum damage can be prevented. In theory, scientists in Japan should have been able to pick up the earthquakes where about, magnitude and timing from the seismic activity under the earth’s surface that should have been detected by numerous seismometers located on the Pacific Ocean’s seabed. Scientists can use the readings gathered- based on the frequency of the waves-to calculate the magnitude of the earthquake before it reaches by working out the difference in arrival between two waves from tree different seismometers. (BBC, 2013) If the gap between the two arrivals is shorter, then the magnitude of the earthquake is also higher. Fukushima scientists also used this method to determine the exact location of the earthquakes epicentre through the process of triangulation in which they determine the distance travelled by waves at each of the three seismomet ers and pinpoint the centre (as shown in diagram 2). Seismometers certainly helped to detect the Fukushima earthquake. Evidence shows that almost a thousand lives were saved due to seismometers monitoring the Pacific seabed. They proved effective in saving lives because they were able to pick up the sudden seismic activity in the ground. The detection allowed scientists back in Japan to sound an alarm minutes before the earthquake arrived in Japan. However, the initial alarm was quite inaccurate, as it was originally sounded for a 6.6 magnitude earthquake. Over the last century around the world, scientists concluded that 9/10 times seismometers were initially incorrect in detecting the magnitude of the numerous earthquakes (Strevens, 2011). Seismometers also have many more limitations, which cause for the technology to be deemed ineffective at times and can be used to partially explain some of the issues that occurred in Japan- issues that could have been avoided. Unlike NASA’s InSAR satellite technology that can detect earthquakes day before they occur (due to its ability to detect even 1cm of movement within the earth) (NASA, 2011), seismometers are only able to detect earthquakes minutes before they happen and the only way scientists can actually issue a warning in advance is if they look closely at the patterns in previous earthquakes or try and interpret seismic readings days before and see if there are any abnormalities. The limitations of possible inaccuracy with data and late warnings made the use of the seismometers quite ineffective during the earthquake. Although seismometers are able to pinpoint the exact location of the epicentre so that aftershocks can be predicted and are able to give a few minutes of warning about the magnitude, it is a scientific device that’s success can easily be affected by influence human error plays in analyzing its data on computers. Sea walls were implemented in Japan to protect its coastal cities from tsunamis. The science behind them is that its strong concrete material, from which it is made of, should be able to block the force of a tsunami. Their height- 10 metres above sea level- were supposed to be sufficient to stop most tsunamis as evidence shows that it is very rare in any part of the world for a tsunami over 10m to a region that is not directly over the fault line. However, if a tsunami were to reach such heights, the sea walls success would be limited greatly. A positive of their use though, is that their success is largely predictable as they do not require any electronic systems to function and nor do they have any human influence. Macintosh HD:Users:160161:Desktop:Screen Shot 2013-10-27 at 6.40.21 PM.png Sea walls proved ineffective in Japan as the tsunami proved to also be 10 metres tall due to the water being very deep in the region. This allowed the tsunami to build up its waves and when the tsunami’s biggest waves arrived at the coast of Japan, they were 1m taller than the walls event though they were still only 10m tall. (Tran, 2013) This was due to the fact that the coastline had dropped by a metre and also moved three metres out to sea. (As shown in figure 5) This outside influence limited the success of the walls greatly and although- in many other tsunamis sea wall have effectively haltered tsunamis due to their concrete strength and height- the tsunami of 2011 flooded into Japan killing thousands that could not escape in the few moments of warning. Sciences Interaction With The Environment The environment has minimal impact on the application and effectiveness of seismometers and sea walls. As seismometers are not affected by an areas air pollution, vegetation or climate, the environment does not play a significant role in positively or negatively affecting the detection ability of seismometers. However there are still a few minor factors- particularly in Japan- that can somewhat prevent an earthquake from being detected accurately. Due to Japans vulnerable earthquake-prone region being located along the Pacific Ocean’s coastline, many low intensity stress waves created by natural noises and ocean waves have the ability to be detected by seismometers. This is because seismometers can detect and measure motions with frequencies from 500 Hz to 0.00118 Hz- a large enough range to detect ocean waves- particularly in the Pacific Ocean. This could have a negative effect on the effectiveness of science’s solution. Negatively, seismometers could be alerting Japan ese authorities every time tidal waves and ocean currents strengthen, thus triggering alarm bells constantly. A positive effect that the Japanese environment has on damage preventing solutions such as sea walls is that the Japanese coastline has numerous mountain and hill landforms. The many hills and low mountains located in Japans coastal region (sea figure 6)-especially where the Fukushima earthquake struck-help to prevent damage due to there significant height above sea levels. This environmental benefit was evident during the 2011 earthquake as authorities guided civilians to high ground so that when the tsunami arrived and the sea walls failed, the landforms saved a few hundred lives. (ONISHI, 2011)This was because the 10m height of the tsunami eventually deteriorated by the time it reached the landforms, thus preventing further damage from occurring. As mentioned above, the environment has minimal influence on the application and effectiveness of seismometers and sea walls, although sea walls do have an effect on the environment. To construct and implement sea walls, natural, agricultural and grassland is destroyed to make way for them. Sea walls require a large amount of space (width and length) if they are to be firm, sturdy and cover a large proportion of the coastline. They also negatively impact the climatic environment as their height to some extent interrupts the sea breeze that Japan receives from the ocean. This means that locations near the walls will be drier in the already tropical climate and environment. Once again these negative effects on Japan’s environment are not significant factors although if these scientific damage prevention measures were not present in Japan 2011, the environment would have been damaged greatly like it was in some towns that were destroyed completely. Economic Interaction Sciences detection and damage prevention solutions have a profound effect on the economy of Japan. The Japanese government invests billions (USD) in coastal defenses such as sea walls and warning systems every year. These expensive devices further cost governments around the world millions whenever a warning and consequent evacuation occurs. For example, since Hawaiis Pacific Tsunami Warning Center was established in 1948, about 75 percent of warnings that resulted in costly evacuations turned out to be false alarms (Pendick, 2012). A positive effect that Japan’s economy has on seismometers and warning systems is that it can afford to research deep into ways on improving the technology, as well as, fund the expensive costs involved with implementing and running them. There is very little limitations that Japan’s economy poses to seismometers as the economy is very stable and has been for the last decade without fluctuating too much (see graph 1), thus allowing for billions to be invested. This allows the government to invest in earthquake damage prevention devices so that when an earthquake strikes, damage costs can be kept to a minimum. Seismometers and damage prevention devices have a major influence on the economy. When the earthquake of 2011 struck and damage was high- especially from the burst reactor in the Fukushima Nuclear Plant- Japan’s tourism industry suffered greatly. This had a chain reaction on the economy with a major dip in Japan’s GDP (as shown in graph 1) during the period. Conclusion For many years now, scientists have attempted to come up with ways to detect and consequently, prevent earthquakes with measured success- especially in the Fukushima earthquake of 2011. Although the application of science through the use of seismometers potentially saved thousands of lives in the few minutes of warning, it’s accuracy and timing was not enough to stop a nuclear disaster. The 10m sea walls that were located around Japans shoreline also proved ineffective as the tsunami soared over them, leaving all types of buildings to be struck down by the shear force of the waves. However, scientists continue to apply their knowledge of earthquakes, tectonic movement and seismic waves so that they can enhance this solution for future earthquakes around the globe. Seismometers and sea walls fit into the world environment nicely as they do not affect it, but rather help to prevent damage occurring to it, whilst the modeling of buildings simply has the same impact as normal buildings do. Economic wise though, billions of dollars are put into the science and evidence shown from Japan might suggest, too much money for fairly inconclusive success. There are some variables in science that we can’t control, but what can be controlled is minimizing their damage to civilization through the processes of detecting and preventing damage. Bibliography BBC. (2013). Seismic waves. Retrieved October 28, 2013, from BBC Bitesize: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/waves_earth/seismicwavesrev2.shtml Braile, L. (2000, November). SEISMOMETER. Retrieved October 28, 2013, from Explorations In Earth Science: http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/edumod/handseis/handseis.htm Dea, J. (2003, August 11). Anticipating Earthquakes. Retrieved October 27, 2013, from NASA Science: http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2003/11aug_earthquakes/ Densmore, A. (2011, March 14). Sendai earthquake and tsunami disaster . Retrieved October 29, 2013, from Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience: http://ihrrblog.org/2011/03/14/sendai-earthquake-and-tsunami-disaster/ Doedens, P. (2013, September 20). MAGNITUDE-5.3 QUAKE HITS FUKUSHIMA. Retrieved October 25, 2013, from Fukushima Update: http://fukushimaupdate.com/magnitude-5-9-quake-hits-fukushima/ Kong, S. C. (2013, March 20). Japans Economy. Retrieved November 2, 2013, from The Market Oracle: http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article39557.html Kordian. (2012, May 8). Natural Disaster . Retrieved November 1, 2013, from Oxonian Globalist: http://toglobalist.org/2012/05/risky-business-uncovering-catastrophic-insurance-risks-in-2012/ NASA. (2011). Anticipating Earthquakes-InSAR Satellites . Retrieved October 28, 2013, from NASA Science: http://www.google.com.au/search?client=safarirls=enq=why+did+seismometers+pick+the+japan+earthquake+as+magnetide+6.6ie=UTF-8oe=UTF-8gws_rd=crei=jMhwUtjfJcW_kQXUiYCQBQ#q=why+did+seismometers+pick+the+japan+earthquake+as+magnitude+6.6rls=en ONISHI, N. (2011, March 13). Seawalls Offered Little Protection Against Tsunami’s Crushing Waves. Retrieved October 27, 2013, from The New York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/14/world/asia/14seawalls.html?pagewanted=all_r=0 Pendick, D. (2012). Catching a Tsunami in the Act. Retrieved November 2, 2013, from Savage Earth: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/savageearth/tsunami/html/sidebar1.html Macintosh HD:Users:160161:Desktop:Screen Shot 2013-11-04 at 11.43.28 AM.png

Roles of a Quantity Surveyor

Roles of a Quantity Surveyor Quantity surveyors, who may also be known as commercial managers or construction cost consultants, are specialists in the financial and contractual aspects of construction projects. They are involved at all stages of the project and are usually appointed by the architect or engineer who has designed the construction. They act as the financial overseer of a particular project, translating the plans into detailed costs. This involves working out the timings of each process and the precise quantity of materials needed. The main tasks include preparing information on the cost of labour, plant and materials, allocating work to subcontractors, preparing tender and contract documents, advising on the choice of materials and construction techniques, dealing with planning issues, building regulations and architects, and managing costs on site and dealing with cost reconciliation. The work is central to the profitability of construction projects. Through negotiation, successful quantity surveyors can save large amounts of money for the companies they work for.   Entry level The main route into quantity surveying is by taking a first degree normally in quantity surveying or a closely related subject accredited by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) or the Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB). Alternatively, postgraduate courses are available for people with degrees in other subjects. Entry to an accredited degree course is generally with two or three A levels/three or four H grades, or equivalent qualifications, plus five GCSEs/S grades (A-C/1-3). You should check specific requirements with individual institutions. Useful A level/H grade subjects include maths, English, geography, physical science, geology, economics, law, ICT, art, business studies, design and technology and languages. If you dont have the academic entry requirements for a degree course, you may be able to study at HNC/HND or foundation degree level. These qualifications can be supplemented with further study for the RICS or CIOB accredited degrees. In the Greater London area, the Chartered Surveyors Training Trust offers work-based training for young people aged 16 to 24 years. For this, you must have a minimum of four GCSEs (A-C), including English, maths and a science subject, or equivalent qualifications. Trainees work towards an Advanced Apprenticeship and an HND in Construction, before continuing to study on an accredited degree course. Entry to RICS accredited postgraduate conversion courses is with a first degree, which can be in a subject unrelated to surveying. With a degree, it is also possible to take a three-year graduate diploma accredited by the CIOB, whilst working in a construction company. Making the grade On completion of a RICS or CIOB accredited degree or diploma, you must gain further practical experience before becoming fully qualified. For the RICS, this involves a minimum of two years of structured learning in employment, leading to a RICS professional assessment interview known as the Assessment of Professional Competence (APC). Successful completion of the APC entitles you to use the letters MRICS. The CIOB has a professional development programme which requires the completion of a personal development record over three years, based upon a skills and competency requirement. This is followed by a professional interview. RICS and CIOB are the main professional institutions, and membership is essential for chartered status. It is also possible for quantity surveyors to join the Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors. Some surveyors are members of more than one institution. All quantity surveyors also undertake Continuing Professional Development (CPD), which may include gaining additional qualifications. With experience, you could become a project manager. You could also move into specialist areas such as legal services, risk management or facilities management. Self-employment and freelance work are quite common. Personal qualities As a quantity surveyor, you would need to be a practical person with a logical and methodical approach to problem solving. You would need good IT and numeracy skills, together with the ability to analyse the content of complicated documents. A clear understanding both of construction techniques and technology and of the relevant laws and health and safety requirements would be essential. You should have good communications skills as you could be required to express your opinions both verbally and on paper. You are also likely to be involved in negotiating with a wide variety of people, which means that you would have to listen to the points of view of others as well as giving your own opinion. In addition, you are likely to be working as a member of a team, which may require you to motivate and lead people on site. Looking ahead The main employers of quantity surveyors are building and civil engineering contractors, consultancies that advise clients on construction costs, the property divisions of large organisations, and local government and other public sector bodies. Jobs are available throughout the UK. The demand for quantity surveyors is strong and there is a shortage of people with the appropriate skills. Alternative suggestions Other possibilities might include architect, building surveyor, civil engineer, construction manager, estate agent, general practice surveyor, housing manager or town planner. Take-home pay When you first start working, you could expect to earn between  £16,000 and  £24,000. If you start working for a large contractor, you could earn more as you may get paid for working site hours. Your salary could easily rise with experience to  £30,000 to  £50,000, and you could earn substantially more if you become a principal partner in private practice. Effects Quantity surveyors are generally office based, although your office may be on a construction site. Most quantity surveyors are likely to make some site visits, which require the use of safety equipment such as hard hats and boots. When based at construction site, you may work from, say, 8am to 6pm. Otherwise, you may keep more normal office hours. Occasional weekend work may be required. Roles of a Quantity Surveyor Roles of a Quantity Surveyor A Quantity Surveyor is an individual whom works on projects ranging from office blocks, schools, hospitals, factories to bridges, railways, oil and mining development, ship building and large process engineering works such as oil refineries, and anywhere that major construction work is carried out. Traditionally this role has been performed by a highly trained person with extensive knowledge in the operational procedures involved with construction or project management. This position often acts as an independent contractor and is a trusted and respected source for professional consultation. The roles of the Quantity Surveyor are diverse and vital to the project life cycle (Internet). Every Quantity Surveyor has the standard basic skill which is to draw up a bill of quantities which is a type of tender document that contains information regarding to the construction project. The measurements are taken from the drawings which must be in accordance with the standard measurement method which is agreed or accepted and will be priced by the contractors. The documents will be used throughout the whole construction project and are for valuation and cost control purposes. The Quantity Surveyor estimate and monitor construction costs, from the feasibility stage of a project through to the completion of the construction period as part of an advisors role. After the completion of construction, the Quantity Surveyor may have to be involved with tax depreciation schedules, arbitration and mediation if necessary, and cost estimation for insurance purposes. They are employed on most construction projects as consultants to the owner, in both private and public sectors. They would have to work hand in hand with architects, financiers, engineers, contractors, suppliers, project owners, accountants, insurance underwriters, solicitors and Courts and even with all levels of government authorities. The roles of Quantity Surveyor come in handy when at times of: Cost planning is a advance technique used by the QS team and it is mainly to help all the construction team members to arrive accordingly at practical designs for a project and make sure the projects are within budgets. The Qs will have to make sure that everything has to follow in accord to the estimates which have been agreed, from the beginning of successful contractors tender to the final project cost. In planning construction cost, it is very important that maintenance and running cost cannot be neglected in order to attain a project that is cost effective throughout its life. The QS will have to rapidly deal with the cost implication when the client decided that there is a change of plans and when variations are introduced. Cost planning can improve economy standards and also better value for money. Constant monitoring can avoid the risk of overspending if they are spotted early and proper corrective actions are taken, thus help the client to save money. Value management Value management is an act which aims to eliminate waste from the design or clients brief, thus at the same time the safety and main functions of the projects are retained. The objective of this value management is to deliver the project function to the expected quality so that the best value for the money can be expended. In this case, it does not necessary mean to be at lowest initial cost, but all factors impacting upon the projects which are considered as a whole are proven of the highest value (anonymous, internet).A QS is a well qualified person to direct the value management studies on a project. From this value management, the project team can obtain a clearer understanding of the involved project objectives and functions thus reducing any unnecessary costs are being made able. In this value management, it also labels the whole life implications in terms of both cost and also the clients business objectives of the building design. The Life Cycle Costing The cost of a project cannot be evaluated base on the initial cost alone. It is long been proven that although a constructed facility is cheap but may appears to be in long term, can be a lot more expensive than one with much higher initial cost. The life cycle costing is about a procurement evaluation technique which determines the total cost of acquisition, operation, maintaining and disposal of the items acquired; the lowest ownership cost during the time the item is in use (anonymous, internet). The life cycle costing assessment should not only considering the characteristics of the constructed facility, the sustainability, the maintainability, the reusability and obsolescence, but they must also not neglect the initial capital cost, the maintenance cost, the operational cost, the residual and disposal costs. Both economic and non-economic performance of constructed facility can be checked in this way. The QS will be the one who monitor all the life cycle costing analysis. The impact of all costs are considered rather than only the initial capital cost to ensure that different constructed facilities can be more efficiently evaluated and to help the effective management of a completed facility are the main objectives of life cycle costing. The building clients can obtain the best value for their money this way. Preliminary Cost Advice A QS is the person whom will be giving practical advices on stuffs which has to do with the cost of the project. The QS will also prepare the cost studies and advice on the structural forms, the choice of materials, the alternative design solutions, the construction sequence and the maintenance cost .From that, a detailed cost plan can be prepared for budgetary control. Facilities Management Facilities management is an extremely wide and all embracing activity involving many types of functions such as assets management, office management and housekeeping, building and engineering maintenance. Among the definitions of facilities management, but it could be borne in mind that there exist some common themes, or characteristics, as follows: it will be needing integrated multi-disciplinary professional services; it have reference to built asset the workplace; it will have to help the organization in achieving its objectives. However theres no one individual, nor profession, who would be able to fulfill all the required technical functions included in the concept of facilities management. Still and all, if there is any specifically trained or experienced QS is in charge, he will be able to understand and define theobjectives of the clients organization, thus be able to coordinate and provide the most appropriate facilities management services. Procurement Methods The QS are known for their expertise, knowledge and tools which are useful in the selection of the right suppliers or contractors for any given projects. There are no two projects which are exactly the same. Most of the projects (and many smaller ones) have their own challenges and needs their own solution. Procurement through competitive tendering based on different types of forms of contract and options is the most common method option. The QS are the person who prepares the bills of quantities which are used for the tendering. The bills containing documents of an itemized breakdown of the works to be carried out in a unit price contract, indicating a quantity for each item and the corresponding unit price. The bills of quantities are the crucial element in both effective cost control and also the basis of valuation of variations during construction. On different occasions, different tendering method and contractual arrangement may be used depending on the clients requirement. It m ay include tendering method such as the traditional method, the design and build, the construction management, the guaranteed maximum price, the prime cost contract and cost plus, and many more. The QS role is to provide advice to the client on the best choice of contractual arrangement depending on the circumstances that the clients required. Tendering Competitive tendering of the same kind or differing type remains the usual basis for construction contracts, while the bills of quantities are the fundamental to this process. The designers produced drawings and specifications which are translated by the bill of quantities into documents which would allows a contractor to calculate his tender price accordingly and on the exact same basis as his competitors. In the process of constructions, the QS are also an important element in effective cost control. If there are other tendering procedures which are appropriate, the QS will recommend alternatives. Contractual Advice The QS have to be are able to provide both commercial and contractual advice to all corporations such as the developers, the government bodies, the contractors and subcontractors, for all types of civil engineering, building and structural projects.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   The type of service for contractual advice covers: Contract administration: site set-up, valuations of work in progress, subcontract procurement, measurements, assessment of rates, cost reporting and variations. Contract documents: warranties, bonds and guarantees, selection of appropriate standard forms of contract, the interpretation, drafting of special conditions and forms of contract. The Valuation of construction work The contractor is paid every month in most of the construction contracts unless otherwise specified. The QS role is to value the works carried out each month by the contractor on the project involved and submit a recommendation for payment. Insurance Advice The QS may help the employers to choose the most appropriate construction insurance. Construction sites are inherently dangerous places. This is why construction insurance is an important policy to have if they are going to run or manage a construction site. It is also known as Builders Risk Insurance, construction insurance provides safeguards for employers against construction workers being injured on site. Construction insurance does not exempt the employer from maintain a safe workplace. Usually, construction insurance policies only pay out if a strict set of health and safety guidelines are followed (anonymous, internet). It also protects the developing structure and the materials purchased for the construction for the loss due to damage or theft. The advantages of obtaining advices from the QS are: Well aware in the manner of cost, all round advice on contractual matters, and with full of efficiency in construction activities; Better communication with the involved parties such as insurers/employers/contractors/loss adjusters, which might be less efficient if it was handled general insurance practitioners. Cost Control Financial Management Cost control might be one of the most important aspects which have to be monitored closely in any capital project. It is important because the client wants a good value for money from the project. The QS have to make sure that the required balance of expenditure between different elements of the project is achieved and also to keep the final expenditure of the project within the clients required budged. In general, cost control consists of three basic steps: Build an overall cost target Taking remedial action where necessary Analyzing any deviations In practice, the process of cost control shows an extent of professional activities such as cost analyses of previous projects, cost studies of different types of constructional options, cost planning/estimating, cost monitoring in time of the construction stage and cost reconciliation in time of the tendering stage. Regularly, the QS produce the cost estimates and financial which creates an important phrase of the financial management of capital projects. With these periodic financial reports, the clients are able to foresee the projects progress and control their future financial commitments.

interview :: essays research papers

The family member that was interviewed was Erin. The relationship between the interviewer and the interviewee is third cousins through marriage. The interview took place in Erin’s apartment living room. Since she is an RA she lives in one of the apartments of Sara Tracy Dorm. When the interviewer walked into the room he could tell that she was very clean and rather sophisticated, just by the way her room was set up. The interviewee was sitting on her futon and was very alert. There were pink and yellow carnations on the table, which I found out that they are not real. Erin 20 years old and has an ethnic origin of Irish. Erin is a Caucasian and when asked what religion she was, Erin responded proudly â€Å"Catholic†. The next question to be asked was â€Å"what are you wearing?† and me not paying attention to the question read it allowed, when I could have just observed her to answer the question. But, she caught my slip up and she responded â€Å"nothing† and laughed sarcastically. In reality, she had on a older and faded WJU swimming t-shirt on with a pair of worn out jeans. She seamed happy and content, but when I asked â€Å"what is your mood today?† she said, â€Å"Alright, calm I guess†¦not too happy and not too sad.† Then I asked her about her attitude and she responded with â€Å"happy to be interviewed†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Erin’s mom’s family is from New York, and her dad’s family is from West Virginia. She was born in San Diego, California, on August 10, 1984. Her family then moved to Connecticut when Erin was â€Å"just a wee lad† as she put it, so she does not remember a whole lot from that particular time period. Then after living in Connecticut for a couple of years her family moved to West Virginia where they are presently located now.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Erin has many of friends who are outgoing and not afraid to speak their mind. All of them are nice and funny. They know how to make a good time out of the worst days. Erin, however, is pretty much the brain of the operations that they carry out. During the interview Erin was sitting on her futon drinking a cup of coffee acting all sophisticated. She was really relaxed and was not fidgeting like I was, so she did not seem like she was nervous.

Life and Death :: essays research papers

Throughout history man has made many journeys, far and wide, Moses great march though the Red Sea and Columbus’ crossing of the Atlantic Ocean are only a few of mans greatest voyages. Even today great journeys are being made. In every instances people have had to rise above themselves and over come emence odds. The Joads did just that by traveling to California to find work. Steinbeck shows one aspect of this real life journey by displaying it by a turtle and it’s struggle to reach the other side of a road. As the turtle is about to reach his goal, it is returned to it’s original location, but it does not waver in it’s determination, and continues across the road until it reaches the other side. The Joad family and Casy identify with this the most because the undergo tremendous heartache, yet they stay true to their plans and never give up. They are faced with death and sickness, but they never give up. Steinbeck wrote â€Å"In the evening a strange thin g happened: twenty families became one family, the children were the children of all the loss of home became one loss, and the golden time in the West was one dream† This was what the Joads were searching for they wanted to feel like they belonged. Ma was the one who was mostly searching for this. This is her journey to keep the family together. Her belief that a broken-family will not be able to accomplish anything. This is displayed by her not allowing the two cars to split and arrive at California at different times, when one of the cars breaks down, as they are leaving Oklahoma. Ma says â€Å"I ain’t a-gonna go.† The only way she’ll let the family break up is if pa whips her and makes her go. Pa’s journey is displayed by his trying to fit in and make a difference. He does not handle this move very well, and throughout their journey, he is confused, and not as headstrong as Ma. He realizes this also, he knows that he can’t help the family the way he use to. So he searches for anyway he can help. When the rain was coming it was this idea to dig a ditch. It was a good idea but it failed and it reflected on him. Tom Joad is a very complicated individual, who is a tremendous asset and at the same time a tremendous burden.

Explore the differences in the ways Hamlet and Laertes go about seeking revenge Essay

This essay will consider the relevance of father/son relationships to motive for and the manner of revenge, the initial responses of both Hamlet and Laertes to the news of the murder of their father. Finally I will conclude by comparing how Hamlet’s and Laertes’ responses each compare with Fortinbras’ responses to his fathers death. The relationship each son had with his father is important, because it can be seen what motivates them for revenge, and whether or not their father’s influence inspires such vengeance. Hamlets’ relationship with his father is only shown after his demise. This is the only way we are able to see father and son interact. What we do see of this indicates that they do not have a good relationship, as the ghost of Hamlet’s father takes no pains to cover up the torment he endures beyond the grave. The ghost wants Hamlet to †revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† and warns that he would find Hamlet a †fat weed that roots itself in ease on Lethe wharf† if he did not avenge his death. The ghost might have said this quite scathingly, perhaps because he is aware of Hamlet’s tendency to contemplate every action, and failure to get things done quickly. The love in this relationship is clearly one sided, Hamlet later on in the play, in Act 3 Scene 3-4 shows his mother a picture of his late father and a picture of Claudius. He bitterly comments on how superior his father is with his †Hyperion curls†, †grace† and †eye like Mars to threaten and command† compared to Claudius. He is furious and obviously holds his father in high regard. The abnormality of Hamlet’s situation is emphasised when the ghost appears before Hamlet and his mother in act 3 Scene 4. When Hamlet’s situation is compared to the relationship Laertes shares with his father, the result is starkly different. They both appear to have a very close father-son relationship and in Act 1 scene 3 we can see a conversation between them, where Polonius is giving Laertes fatherly advice on how to behave when in Paris. Among the many aphorisms given by Polonius, he warns Laertes too not â€Å"give any unproportioned thought his act; Later on in the play, we can of course, see that Laertes ignores this heartfelt piece of advice when seeking revenge on Hamlet. Through not sitting down and thinking the situation out calmly, he jumped to the wrong conclusions. Polonius went so far as to ask for Claudius’ permission for Laertes to leave for Paris on Laertes’ behalf. The language he uses such as â€Å"he wrung from me my slow leave† does not suggest anything other than a father who carries nothing but deep affection for his son, and does not which to see him leave. No sooner are we shown the cruel and malicious treatment of Hamlet by hid dead father, then we are shown the stark contrast of Laertes and Polonius’ concerned and endearingly caring farewell conversation. As well as having completely different familial relationships, Hamlet and Laertes themselves form one of the most important polarities in all of the play. This is important in understanding why both characters have different methods of avenging their fathers. As the plot progresses, Hamlet’s hesitance and general inability to obtain his father’s revenge, will be heavily contrasted with Laertes’ fierce willingness to avenge his fathers’ death. Before Hamlet spoke to the ghost, he didn’t know that his father had been murdered. When the ghost asks him to †revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† Hamlet replies †Murder? † the question mark in this statement indicates that Hamlet had not considered seriously the idea that his father had been murdered, and that it had taken him by surprise. Hamlet has been delivered a double shock. He was already grieving for his father’s death and is now confronted by the fact that he was murdered. The ghost exhorts Hamlet to seek revenge and Hamlet, who is intensely moved, swears to remember, obey, and â€Å"sweep to his revenge†. Whereas Hamlet doesn’t quite trust the ghost and seeks to test Claudius’ guilt himself by staging a play based on the murder, Laertes sees no cause to disbelieve the method in which his father died. Laertes instantly trusts Claudius’ word that Hamlet is his father’s murderer. Laertes is a complete foil for Hamlet in some actions; his cry for vengeance is an absolute contrast to Hamlets’ timorous testing for the ghosts’ truthfulness. Laertes acts as the wronged son operation in open fury who †dates damnation; He has all the moral legitimacy that Claudius lacks and that Hamlet has forfeited through not acting quick enough and procrastination too much. Hamlet, however, does have powerful and genuine incitement †a dear father murder’d† as one soliloquy puts it and †a mother stain’d† as does another. Laertes confronts the king in Act 4, Scent 5. He demands †where is my father†¦ how came he dead?†¦ I’ll be revenged most thoroughly for my father† believing Claudius to be the perpetrator of his father’s murder. The words that Laertes utters could quite easily have come from Hamlet’s mouth. You can almost hear the bitterness and scarcely contained fury in Laertes tone as he said these words. It is poignant that whereas Hamlet took time to establish Claudius’ s guilt for himself, Laertes had jumped in at the deep-end and confronted the king wrongfully. Claudius managed to diffuse the situation by giving very short snappy answers such as †dead† by saying this; he is showing that he is being honest and up-front with Laertes and giving no excuses. In Act 4, Scent 7 Laertes initial fury has calmed down, although he remains extremely confident about the task ahead. He thinks about Hamlet’s dirty deed and his †noble father lost; he welcomes Hamlets’ return so that he can †tell him to his teeth ‘though didest thou†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. Every word he says invites comparison with Hamlet. When he arrived at the palace to challenge the king, Laertes brought with him a †riotous head† who cried, †Laertes shall be king! † He is obviously very angry, and this can be seen in the manner in which he speaks to Claudius. He calls him a †vile king†, â€Å"dares damnation†, and †vows to the blackest devil! † He obviously wants to make very clear his feelings on the matter of his father’s death and wants revenge. It can also be seen that he has dispelled any respect he had for Claudius. This is different from Hamlet, because although Hamlet is not overly polite to the king, he does not openly defy him as Laertes does in this scene.